Ralph McGehee, the CIA, and Deadly Deceits
By Wade Frazier
Revised July 2014
Statement for Ralph’s Protection
My 2014 Synopsis of Deadly Deceits
Introduction
In 1990, I began my education in the alternative media and other areas, and one of the first books that I obtained was Deadly Deceits, which is Ralph W. McGehee’s memoir. Ralph had a 25-year career working for the CIA, both at Langley and internationally. In 1996, I published my first website, and asked Ralph if I could publish a summary of Deadly Deceits. Ralph not only consented, but he published my summary across the Internet and told me that it was the best summary of his work that he had seen, and we became friends.
Ralph publicly criticized the CIA, and only a handful of former CIA employees ever have. Ralph is interviewed on Bill Moyers’s Secret Government video. Ralph maintained his CIABASE archives on the Internet for years, which exposed the CIA’s activities by using public domain sources. In running his CIABASE, Ralph was doing what anybody could. He nevertheless endured endless harassment from the CIA as they tried to silence him. Ralph had more than my respect; he had my awe. After riding in the saddle for years with Dennis Lee, I discovered how rare people like Dennis and Ralph were. People of conscience, living it at those levels, are one in many thousands.
After escalating harassment by the CIA and friends, leading to bodily injury to Ralph, his CIABASE web site went down in the spring of 2000 and will never reappear. I last updated this essay in 1999, and this 2014 revision may be my last.
Statement for Ralph’s Protection
In August 2001, Ralph sent me the below statement. He wanted to have me post it on my site, and wherever else it can be posted, for his protection.
“I moved to Florida in July 2000. Immediately the harassment I experienced in Herndon transferred here. A major difference is that the FBI here openly advises I am a threat to National Security — because, I assume, I tell unclassified truths to the American people.
“In 1990 the CIA officially advised me in writing that I may use any information in the public domain — making the FBI’s actions against me false if not illegal as I have never and will never expose secret persons or information.
“Harassment here has grown to such a degree that I fear staged incidents to arrest me for something — anything.
“I base my actions on what is in the best interests of the United States. This may be difficult to believe given my negative commentary, but I participated in and watched CIA operations in Vietnam and other countries nearly destroy the US/us.
“The CIA said I was an analyst with few peers and awarded me its Career Intelligence Medal. I use this ability and those experiences to inform aboutthe CIA’s many opportunities and deficiencies.
“Anyone wishing to know more may find details via a Google search under my name.”
— Ralph McGehee
Ralph also asked me to post his letter from the CIA that informed him that his CIABASE activities were perfectly legal, and were no threat to “national security.” Here it is.
Click on image to enlarge
http://cryptome.org/mc-gehee.htm Censorship of McGehee
My 2014 Synopsis of Deadly Deceits
Deadly Deceits became a college textbook, and after a moving introduction, it begins slowly to eventually climax with a series of haunting revelations. During Ralph’s 25-year CIA career, he heartily believed in its stated mission of “fighting communism.” Ralph wrote that CIA fieldworker candidates are psychologically screened before being hired, and their most treasured quality is the willingness to blindly follow orders.
Ralph joined the CIA in 1952, after an All-American football career at Notre Dame (where Phil Agee also studied) during their national championship years. Ralph was raised on and believed in the American dream – “the Protestant work ethic, truth, justice, freedom.” Ralph was a high-profile recruit and joined the CIA as a dedicated cold warrior. He spent the next ten years stationed at home and abroad: at Langley (the CIA headquarters in Washington), Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, and then Thailand. Ralph enthusiastically dedicated himself to halting the spread of communism.
During the mid-1960s, communism was sweeping Southeast Asia. Ralph’s job was saving Thai villages from communist insurgency. Ralph viewed his career as a cross between “Peace Corps and missionary work.” Building upon a British method used earlier in Thailand, he developed an inexpensive method of intelligence gathering that identified communists and exposed their network. The strategy was partly intimidating the villagers through terror, such as holding a gun to a baby’s head to get the mother to talk, yet was benign when compared to other “counterintelligence” methods of the time, such as torture and boiling suspected communists in oil.
The operation’s goal was to make communists confess their “crimes,” name their cohorts, return to the Thai government’s fold, and become “good peasants” again. Forgiveness was offered and given to those who talked, with escalating intimidation for those harder to crack. The Thailand strategy was effective and Machiavellian, which Ralph crafted and believed in. It obtained a quality of intelligence that the region had never before achieved. It also reversed communist inroads. The Thai government’s brute force response to “communist insurgency,” backed by its American sponsors, alienated the villagers and drove them into the communists’ arms. Ralph’s method was far more subtle and effective.
The operation’s results were awarded universal praise in intelligence circles in 1967, and it was Ralph’s greatest career achievement. He discovered a way of exposing and defeating the communists, and his future looked bright. In the wake of the accolades, William Colby (future CIA director, and then the Far East division chief) visited, and Ralph briefed him:
“I explained the procedures of the survey and then outlined my general conclusions, including my doubts about previous Agency reporting which said that the communists did not have the support of the local people and that they forced people to support them with threats and terrorism.
“‘Such a picture is inaccurate,’ I told Colby…’We have found that the Communists concentrate the majority, almost the entirety, of their time winning the cooperation of the peasants.'”
Ralph exposed the communist movement as a grassroots movement with peasant support, primarily because their goal was freeing themselves from colonial and neocolonial oppression, enforced by the Thai ruling class and their industrialized-nation sponsors. The Communist Revolution in Southeast Asia was an exercise in freedom, although Ralph would not attain that realization for years. In 1967, Ralph was ecstatic that his method had reversed communist infiltration.
Colby silently received Ralph’s presentation and finally muttered, “We always seem to be losing.” Ralph was astonished. Soon after Colby’s visit, Ralph was removed from the field, his successful program was canceled, and he found himself behind a meaningless desk at Langley. He was shocked and confused. He eventually realized that his intelligence work, although arguably the most effective that the West had ever seen in Southeast Asia, produced an undesirable answer. Communism could not be damned as an evil if the people wanted it. If that fact became widely known, the USA’s Vietnam adventure could be seen in an unsavory light: killing millions to prevent them from choosing a government that we disapproved of. The American experience in Vietnam was an attempt at reconquering the region, keeping it in the capitalistic fold, and keeping those people enslaved.
Ralph still believed his indoctrination and volunteered for Saigon, which no sane CIA employee did in 1968. Ralph was a true believer in America’s good intentions, even if their tactics sometimes seemed regrettable. Defeating the communists was his great desire.
One pivotal evening in his quarters near Saigon in December of 1968, Ralph finally understood:
“I sat there in agony thinking about all that had led me to this private hell. My idealism, my patriotism, my ambition, my plans to be a good intelligence officer to help my country fight the communist scourge – what in the hell had happened? Why did we have to bomb the people we were trying to save? Why were we napalming young children? Why did the CIA, my employer for 16 years, report lies instead of the truth?
“I hated my part in the charade of murder and horror. My efforts were contributing to the deaths, to the burning alive of children – especially the children. The photographs of young Vietnamese children burned by napalm destroyed me.”
Ralph thought of killing himself that night in Vietnam. He thought of various ways to kill himself to protest what was happening. In the end, however, he committed his life to telling the world what really happened in Vietnam and the true nature of America’s fight against communism. Ralph began on the hard, lonely journey of exposing what his nation was really doing.
When his devastating tour of duty in Vietnam was finished, Ralph left:
“I was glad to be going home. But I knew I would never be the same person again. All of my ideals of helping people, all my convictions about the processes of intelligence, all my respect for my work, all the feelings of joy in my life, all my concepts of honor, integrity, trust and love, all in fact that made me what I was, had died in Vietnam. Through its blindness and its murders, the Agency had stolen my life and my soul. Full of anger, hatred, and fear, I bitterly contemplated a dismal future.”
The year was 1970, and Ralph had nearly 20 years of CIA service. He spent mere weeks in the USA before returning to Thailand. He sought somewhere to serve out his career’s remaining years; somewhere that he could stand living. Ironically, he saw the fruit of his anti-communist efforts in Thailand. The peaceful culture of Southeast Asia was destroyed by American involvement. Where Ralph had earlier witnessed pastoral scenes of Thai and Vietnamese people quietly living their lives, Southeast Asia had been turned into an armed camp, with violence, drug use, and prostitution commonplace. A barbed-wire fence surrounded the Thai school that his children happily attended on an earlier tour of duty. The students were bodily searched as they entered the school’s grounds. The Thai government destroyed the villages that Ralph had “helped” on his earlier tours. He helped establish the framework that destroyed those that he “helped.” He became a squeaky cog was put on probation.
Ralph soon returned to Langley and spent several years getting educated in the CIA’s archives. He finally understood what communism meant to the communists, and realized that the Western view of communism was a fantasy to justify our violence against them. They were not trying to conquer the world. They sought freedom. For that crime, the USA murdered millions of them. Ralph retired after spending 25 years with the agency and accepted a career achievement medal so that his future work could not be called that of a CIA employee with a failed career. He began his book’s conclusion with:
“The CIA is not now nor has it ever been a central intelligence agency. It is the covert action arm of the President’s foreign policy advisers. In that capacity it overthrows or supports foreign governments while reporting “intelligence” justifying those activities. [Ralph says he has never once seen a CIA official tell the truth to Congress. Instead comes a steady stream of lies. – Ed.] It shapes its intelligence, even in such critical areas as Soviet nuclear weapon capability, to support presidential policy. Disinformation is a large part of its covert action responsibility, and the American people are the primary target of its lies.
“As noted in the Church Committee’s final report, the Agency’s task is to develop an international anti-communist ideology. The CIA then links every egalitarian [which means “all men are created equal” – Ed.] political movement to the scourge of international communism. This then prepares the American people and many in the world community for the second stage, the destruction of those movements. For egalitarianism is the enemy and it must not be allowed to exist.”
Ralph called for the CIA’s abolition in Deadly Deceits and described it as an unsalvageable organization. In Deadly Deceits’s appendix, Ralph reported on the gauntlet that he ran to publish the book. He did not want to lose his pension, go to jail, or leave the country, so he abided by the secrecy agreement that he signed when joining the CIA. The appendix began:
“The secrecy agreement that I signed when I joined the CIA allows the Agency to review prior to publication all writings of present and former employees to ensure that classified information relating to national security is not revealed. This provision seems logical and necessary to protect legitimate interests. However, my experiences in getting this book approved show that the CIA uses the agreement not so much to protect national security as to prevent revelations and criticisms of its immoral, illegal, and ineffective operations. To that end it uses all possible maneuvers, legal and illegal. Had I not been represented by my attorney, Mark Lynch of the American Civil Liberties Union, and had I not developed a massive catalog of information already cleared by the Agency’s publication review board, this book could not have been published.”
Ralph’s journey in publishing Deadly Deceits is a damning indictment of the USA’s secrecy laws and their enforcement. The CIA tried ambushing Ralph with a room full of lawyers, before they knew that he hired a lawyer with the necessary security clearance to represent him. The CIA man assigned to work with Ralph made his feelings plain, telling him, “It’s too bad you didn’t work for the Israeli intelligence service. They know how to deal with people like you. They’d take you out and shoot you.”
Ralph’s original manuscript contained nothing that he felt was classified information, and he was careful. The CIA made 397 deletions from his original draft, after retracting hundreds of their more whimsical deletions, which they made before discovering that he had obtained competent counsel. The legal battle took more than two years, and the CIA went around in circles. They would permit certain passages after battling with Ralph, then they would retract that permission, then grant it again, then take it away once more, and on different grounds each time. The CIA’s effort was an impressive feat of double-talk and duplicity. At one point, Ralph was threatened with prosecution for stealing state secrets if he could not prove that every fact in his book was obtained in the public domain. The published book is riddled with censorship deletions, with text such as “[19 words deleted]” in the middle of a sentence. Ralph stated:
“John Marks and Victor Marchetti’s book The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence, published in 1974 [nine years before Ralph’s book – Ed.], was the last approved critical book written about the Agency by an ex-employee. In light of my own experiences the reason is obvious: the secrecy agreement and the way it is abused by the Agency. It is virtually impossible to write in an atmosphere where everything is secret until it is deemed otherwise….It is clear that the secrecy agreement does not halt the flow of information to our enemies, for it does not affect the CIA employee who sells information…What the CIA’s secrecy agreement does quite effectively, however, is to stop critics of the Agency from explaining to the American public what the CIA is and does. It is sad to say, but the truth is that the primary purpose of the secrecy agreement is to suppress information that the American people are legitimately entitled to.”
For all the mainstream media’s rhetoric regarding the First Amendment, freedom of speech in America has had a rough ride. From the Sedition Act of 1798, which made it a crime to criticize high-ranking American officials (not dealt with by the U.S. Supreme Court until 1964, in the New York Times versus Sullivan decision), to pre-Civil War Southern laws that made it a crime to speak or write about abolition, to the Espionage Act that made it a crime to criticize World War I (which is still in force in 2014, a century after World War I began), freedom of speech has often been more imagined than real in America. During my lifetime, freedom of speech has waxed and waned.
The Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”) would be unnecessary if the principle of freedom truly guided the American legal system. The FOIA was originally passed during the Civil Rights era in the 1960s. The Nixon years saw the FOIA erode, but the aftermath of the Watergate scandal tipped the scales back toward freedom. The Carter years saw a new openness in government and a focus on human rights, but that was relative. Under no American president have we truly had freedom of information, nor have human rights concerns ever prominently guided America’s foreign policy. Knowledge is power, and keeping information secret is a time-honored method of amassing and maintaining power. The USA is no exception, and there is no reason why it should be. People can point to the Constitution, but America’s freedom of information is scant for a nation that calls itself democratic, and has gotten worse since the World Trade Center attacks. America’s military and spy establishment has the largest secrecy apparatus of any nation, by far, and Edward Snowden’s revelations show what kind of friends the spy agencies are to their constituents.
The rich and powerful run the Democratic Party, just as with the Republican Party, but the Democratic Party sometimes has at least an appearance of allegiance to average Americans. The FOIA has endured many vicissitudes in my lifetime, and the Reagan-Bush years witnessed the greatest assaults on the FOIA, at least until the aftermath of the 9/11 terror attacks and subsequent “War on Terror.” The Reagan administration even tried reclassifying previously declassified information used in Ralph’s book, to enter bizarre, Orwellian realms. Bludgeoning Central America was one of many evil deeds performed during the Reagan-Bush years, and secrecy was its handmaiden, which was evident in the Iran-Contra scandal, among others. Although the pendulum swung marginally back to freedom’s side during Bill Clinton’s reign, it swung far to the right after 9/11, as Bush, Ashcroft, and friends seemed to try raising McCarthy from the grave. Freedom of speech in America is a farce if one offends or exposes the powerful.
To date, Ralph is one of a handful of ex-CIA employees to publicly criticize the CIA. Ralph does not agree with me, but I believe that he did not attain his realizations due to his intelligence, which is considerable. He figured it out because he fervently digested his indoctrination and believed that his efforts made the world better. Because he was such a true believer, he chased experiences (such as volunteering for Saigon duty in 1968) that eventually provided him with his agonizing revelations. When he realized that his efforts helped murder millions of people in Southeast Asia, his conscience assailed him. His pure heart enabled his comprehension, not his intelligence.
I can only wonder how often Ralph thinks back to those Southeast Asians that he “helped,” as he abetted their horrific experiences at the USA’s bloody hands. He probably thinks about it every day. His CIABASE and other efforts were attempts to help balance his scales, while helping us awaken, to help prevent further murders in greed’s name. Ralph’s weathering of the CIA’s continuing harassment was inspiring. John Stockwell (another rare ex-CIA employee who spoke out and paid dearly for his efforts) has written, “More effectively than any other ex-CIA author, Ralph McGehee deals with the anguish of a principled man seeking a career in the CIA.”
Ralph is the rare individual possessing the integrity to walk his arduous and heartbreaking path. Of the many thousands who have filed through the CIA’s ranks since 1947, Ralph is in an elite company of less than ten people who woke up and took a public stance. That list includes Philip Agee, John Stockwell, Victor Marchetti, and David McMichael. There are not many more, and probably no others of their stature. They have my admiration, and even my awe. None of them think of themselves as heroes. In 2004, John Perkins spoke out like Ralph did, but from the privatized “middle management.” As Noam Chomsky said, their motivation is partly being able to look themselves squarely in the eye while shaving. They are responding to the insistent call of their consciences and feel compelled to act. Ralph and those few others like him rarely see themselves as heroes, but are doing what any decent person would do. The problem is, few will do the decent thing if it might really cost them. I will always be grateful for the “heroic” efforts of Ralph, Chomsky, Agee, Stockwell, McMichael, Marchetti, Dennis Lee and others. They helped me figure out how our system works.
Deadly Deceits
My 25 years in the CIA
by Ralph McGehee
Ocean Press, 1999
(originally published 1983)
Introduction, Gung Ho!, Japan and the Philippines
China, Langley, Headquarters
In Search of Reds, Headquarters: Ghosts in the Halls, CIA in Vietnam
Down and Out in Thailand, Light at the End of the Tunnel, Conclusion
The Indonesian Massacres and the CIA
by Ralph McGehee
Covert Action Quarterly, Fall 1990
In my original article ( The Nation, April 11, 1981) I tried to explain, through the constraints of the secrecy agreement and the deletions by the CIA’s review board, one aspect of the Agency’s successful effort to manipulate events in Indonesia in late 1965 and early 1966. The article was based on a classified CIA study of which I was custodian while working in the International Communism Branch of the CIA’s Counterintelligence Staff. The Nation joined with me in an unsuccessful lawsuit by the ACLU to gain release of the deleted portions of the article. The Agency claims it cannot delete unclassified lies or speculations. By heavily censoring my article, it effectively admitted to an Agency role in the peration.
In a recent story in the San Francisco Examiner, researcher Kathy Kadane quotes CIA and State department officials who admit compiling lists of names of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), making those lists available to the Indonesian military, and checking names off as people were “eliminated.” The killings were part of a massive bloodletting after an abortive coup attempt taking, according to various estimates, between 250,000 and 1,000,000 lives and ultimately led to the overthrow of President Sukarno’s government.
Since then a debate has simmered over what happened. A recent study based on information from former Johnson ad ministration officials, asserted that for months the U.S. “did their damnedest” through public pressure and more discreet methods, to prod the Indonesian army to move against Sukarno without success.
Debate continues over the origins of the coup attempt called Gestapu. Was it the result of CIA machinations, a takeover maneuver by General Suharto, a revolt by leftist officers under the control of the PKI, a power play by the People’s Republic of China, a pre-emptive strike by Sukarno loyalists to prevent a move by officers friendly to the CIA, some combination of these factors, or others as yet unknown? I confess to no inside knowledge of the Gestapu.
Historical Background
It is well known that the CIA had long sought to unseat Sukarno: by funding an opposition political party in the mid-1950s, sponsoring a massive military overthrow attempt in the mid-1958, planning his assassination in 1961, and by rigging intelligence to inflame official U.S. concerns in order to win approval for planned covert actions.
Before attempting to describe one aspect of the CIA’s role, it is essential to provide background on the scope and nature of its worldwide operations. Between 1961 and 1975 the Agency conducted 900 major or sensitive operations, and thousands of lesser covert actions. The majority of its operations were propaganda, election or paramilitary. Countries of major concern, such as Indonesia in the early 1960s, were usually subjected to the CIA’s most concerted attention.
Critics of the CIA have aptly described the mainstays of such attention: “discrediting political groups… by forged documents that may be attributed to them. . . ,” faking “communist weapon shipments,” capturing communist documents and then inserting forgeries prepared by the Agency’s Technical Services Division. The CIA’s “Mighty Wurlitzer” then emblazoned and disseminated the details of such “discoveries.”
The Mighty Wurlitzer was a worldwide propaganda mechanism consisting of hundreds or even thousands of media representatives and officials including, over a period of years, approximately 400 members of the American media. The CIA has used the Wurlitzer and its successors to plant stories and to suppress expository or critical reporting in order to manipulate domestic and international perceptions. From the early 1980s, many media operations formerly the responsibility of the CIA have been funded somewhat overtly by the National Endowment for Democracy (NED).
From the earliest days, the Agency’s International Organizations Division (IOD) implemented and coordinated its extensive covert operations. The division’s activities created or assisted international organizations for youth, students, teachers, workers, veterans, journalists, and jurists. The CIA used, and continues to use, the various labor, student, and other suborned organizations not only for intelligence and propaganda purposes, but also to participate in elections and paramilitary operations and to assist in overthrowing governments. At the same time, the CIA manipulates their organizational publications for covert propaganda goals.
The labor unions the CIA creates and subsidizes, in their more virulent stages, provide strong-arm goon squads who burn buildings, threaten and beat up opponents, pose as groups of the opposition to discredit them, terrorize and control labor meetings, and participate in coups.
Use of “Subversive Control Watch Lists”
As a matter of course, the Agency develops close relationships with security services in friendly nations and exploits these in many ways-by recruiting unilateral sources to spy on the home government, by implementing pro-U.S. policies, and by gathering and exchanging intelligence. As one aspect of those liaisons, the CIA universally compiles local “Subversive Control Watch Lists” of leftists for attention by the local government. Frequently that attention is the charter of government death squads.
After the CIA’s overthrow of Arbenz’s government in Guatemala in 1954, the U.S. gave the new government lists of opponents to be eliminated. In Chile from 1971 through 1973, the CIA fomented a military coup through forgery and propaganda operations and compiled arrest lists of thousands,
many of whom were later arrested and assassinated. In Bolivia in 1975, the CIA provided lists of progressive priests and nuns to the government which planned to harass, arrest and expel them. To curry the favor of Khomeini, in 1983 the CIA gave his government a list of KGB agents and collaborators operating in Iran. Khomeini then executed 200 suspects and closed down the communist Tudeh party. In Thailand, I provided the names of hundreds of leftists to Thai security services. The Phoenix program in Vietnam was a massive U.S.-backed program to compile arrest and assassination lists of the Viet Cong for action by CIA-created Provisional Reconnaissance Unit death squads. In fact, former Director of the CIA William Colby compared the Indonesian operation directly to the Vietnam Phoenix Program. Colby further admitted directing the CIA to concentrate on compiling lists of members of the PKI and other left groups.
In 1963, responding to Colby’s direction, U.S.-trained Indonesian trade unionists began gathering the names of workers who were members or sympathizers of unions affiliated with the national labor federation, SOBSI. These trade unionist spies laid the groundwork for many of the massacres of 1965-1966. The CIA also used elements in the 105,000 strong Indonesian national police force to penetrate and gather information on the PKI.
Providing “Watch Lists” based on technical and human penetration of targeted groups is a continuing program of CIA covert operators. Today, U.S.-advised security services in El Salvador, using the techniques of the Phoenix program, operate throughout El Salvador and have taken a heavy toll on peasants, activists and labor leaders in that country. In the late 1980s, the CIA began assisting the Philippine government in the conduct of “low-intensity” operations by, among other things, computerizing security service records of leftists and assisting in the development of a national identity card program. Wherever the CIA cooperates with other national security services it is safe to assume that it also compiles and passes “Subversive Control Watch Lists.”
Putting the Pieces Together
All of this is essential to understanding what happened in Indonesia in 1965 and 1966. In September and October of 1965, the murder of six top military officers during the Gestapu coup attempt provided a pretext for destroying the PKI and removing Sukarno. Surviving officers-principally General Suharto, who was not a target-rallied the army and defeated the coup, ultimately unseating Sukarno.
Two weeks before the coup, the army had been warned that the PKI was plotting to assassinate army leaders. The PKI, nominally backed by Sukarno, was a legal and formidable organization and was the third largest Communist Party in the world. It claimed three million members, and through affiliated organizations-such as labor and youth groups-it had the support of 17 million others. The Army’s anxiety had been fed by rumors throughout 1965 that mainland China was smuggling arms to the PKI for an imminent revolt. Such a story appeared in a Malaysian newspaper, citing Bangkok sources which relied in turn on Hong Kong sources. Such untraceability is a telltale mark of the Mighty Wurlitzer.
Less subtle propaganda claimed that the PKI was a tool of the Red Chinese and planned to infiltrate and divide the armed forces. To bolster these allegations, “communist weapons” were discovered inside Chinese crates labeled as construction material. Far more inflammatory news reporting prior to October 1965 claimed the PKI had a secret list of civilian and military leaders marked for beheading.
After the coup attempt the Indonesian Army in the main left the PKI alone, as there was no credible evidence to substantiate the horror stories in the press. [Eight sentences censored.] As noted, a favorite tactic is to arrange for the capture of communist documents and then insert forgeries prepared by the Agency’s Technical Services Division.
Suddenly documents were serendipitously discovered providing “proof” of PKI guilt. On October 23, 1965, the Suara Islam reported:
…millions of copies of the text of a proclamation of the counterrevolutionary Gestapu…have been recovered…. The text…was obviously printed in the CPR [People’s Republic of China]. Steel helmets and a large quantity of military equipment have also been found…. There is in controvertible evidence of the CPR’s involvement…. The arms sent by the CPR were shipped under cover of “diplomatic immunity.” …other important documents offer irrefutable evidence of the involvement of the CPR Embassy and the CPR ambassador….
On October 30,1965 Major General Suharto, in a speech before a military audience, angrily denounced the PKI saying that captured documents proved the PKI was behind Gestapu. Suharto demanded that the “Communists be completely uprooted.”
On November 2, the Indonesian Armed Forces Bulletin asserted that the PKI had a plan for revolution, and published supposed PKI directives for the period following the October coup attempt. The document stated that the PKI “is only supporting the revolutionary council” that the coup tried to establish. It added that if the council were crushed the PKI would “directly confront” the generals whom the coup leaders accused of planning to overthrow President Sukarno. The document also said, “when the revolution is directly led by the PKI, we can achieve victory because the command will be under the PKI-our hidden strength is in the armed forces.”
Military leaders [seven words censored] began a bloody extermination campaign. Civilians involved were either recruited and trained by the army on the spot, or were drawn from groups such as the army- and CIA-sponsored SOKSI trade unions [Central Organization of Indonesian Socialist Employees], and allied student organizations. Media fabrications had played a key role in preparing public opinion and mobilizing these groups for the massacre.
The documents, manufactured stories of communist plans and atrocities, and claims of communist arms shipments created an atmosphere of hysteria, resulting in the slaughter and the establishment of a dictatorship that still exists today.
The Agency wrote a secret study of what it did in Indonesia. [One sentence censored.] The CIA was extremely proud of its [one word censored] and recommended it as a model for future operations [one half sentence censored].
Yesterday’s Fake News, Today’s Fake History
The CIA desperately wants to conceal evidence of its role in the massacre, which it admits was one of the century’s worst. The U.S. media seem equally determined to protect the American image from consequences of covert operations.
Reaction to Kadane’s new revelations was swift. An Op-Ed by columnist Stephen S. Rosenfeld in the July 20, 1990 Washington Post, and an article by correspondent Michael Wines in the July 12, 1990 New York Times, each deny any CIA role in the massacre. Rosenfeld, reversing his conclusions of a week before, ignores the new evidence, cites one of many academic studies, and concludes with certainty: “For me, the question of the American role in Indonesia is closed.”
Prior to his article, Wines interviewed me. His approach was to reject any information that might implicate the Agency. I told him virtually everything in this article and more. He dismissed the information and instead quoted John Hughes, an “observer removed from the controversy,” citing him as formerly of the Christian Science Monitor but failing to mention that he was also State Department spokesman from 1982 to 1985. In an interview with Kadane, Hughes claimed that during the coup which brought Suharto to power, he functioned as the “eyes and ears of the embassy.” Wines was uninterested.
Subversive control watch lists are an effective and deadly political tool long used by U.S. intelligence, so deadly that the Agency cannot allow them to become public knowledge. Keeping them secret depends on at least two things: Agency censorship of government employees, and self-censorship by the mainstream media.
Ralph McGehee worked for the CIA from 1952 until 1977 and now writes about intelligence matters, notably the book Deadly Deceits — My 25 years in the CIA (New York: Sheridan Square Press, 1983). He has compiled a computer data base on CIA activities. Persons interested may write to him at: 422 Arkansas Ave., Herndon, VA 22070.
CIA Past, Present and Future, Part I |
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by Ralph McGehee |
The essential point I try to make through all of the effort in my computer data base, CIABASE, is that the CIA is a policy-implementing agency not (primarily) an intelligence agency — the CIA gathers desired data from selected agents to reinforce predetermined conclusions. In most situations it avoids overt information like the plague because such information frequently disproves the conclusions it wants you and I and itself to believe. The CIA claims to be an intelligence agency that spends only two to three percent of its money on covert operations. The only look into that classified deceit came during the 1975-1976 Senate Church Committee investigation which said the CIA in some years spent about 80 percent of its budget for covert operations — while all the time claiming an absurdly small covert action budget. A recent announcement reveals the Agency’s plans for the future.
In October 1994, the Clinton administration officially announced its worldwide program of intervention via Morton Halperin, former head of the ACLU in D.C., who is now special assistant to the president and senior director for democracy at the National Security Council. The three foreign policy operating principals are the advancement of democracy, security and prosperity. Halperin said, “We divide the world in two, those countries who choose democracy, we help…in those who do not choose it, we create conditions where they will choose it.” Need there be any more specific statement re the CIA’s role in the post Cold War period? The organization that for nearly 50 years installed dictators frequently under the guise of democracy now fights for democracy?
As noted in the last update notice — the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) is the overt vehicle for political operations as it subsidizes and influences elections, political parties, think tanks, academia, business groups, book publishers, media, and labor, religious and women’s and youth organizations. NED assumed this role from the CIA in 1983, but as indicated in a 1994 government study, NED is a front for operations of other government agencies. Here then, I believe is the CIA’s role for the future — a continuation of its covert operations of the past.
In this period the CIA advised that it will gather economic intelligence via a new center to track economic espionage. The new center is made up of corporations and government agencies, and is designed to determine industry’s needs for economic threat assessments. Comment: another threat to be used by the CIA to continue to justify its role in the post Cold War world. How soon after making economic counterintelligence a program of daily reporting to corporations, does economic counterintelligence become economic intelligence? Is there any difference between the two? To their credit many corporations rejected the CIA’s help — they have a better appreciation of the quality of CIA intelligence than the Agency itself.
David Corn, BLOND GHOST: TED SHACKLEY AND THE CIA’S CRUSADES, published by Simon & Schuster in New York in 1994. This is one of the few excellent books on the CIA. Corn follows the career of Theodore Shackley from the environs of Cold War Berlin, to various other world hot spots as he tries to overthrow Castro’s Cuba and we end up in a near nuclear conflagration with the Soviets; to Laos where he directs CIA’s hilltribe Hmong guerrillas to act like regular troops — leading to their destruction; to Vietnam where after three years of Shackley-declared “intelligence successes” [one high-level officer says “it seems pretty obvious Saigon (CIA) doesn’t know what the f…’s going on,”] he leaves for another adventure elsewhere. His can-do persona convinces the CIA’s hierarchy of his ability and he progresses up the career ladder. Shackley’s legacy lives today in the CIA’s like-thinking, can-do, tunnel-visioned, rigid-thinking, team players. One of the more disturbing aspects of Corn’s book is the claimed recognition at the time by various high-level CIA officials that our intelligence on Vietnam was at best, of little value, and at worst manipulated to show non-existent progress — yet none of these officials protested.
Mike Frost and Michael Gratton, SPYWORLD: INSIDE THE CANADIAN AND AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE ESTABLISHMENTS, by Doubleday, Canada. The book describes how the Canadian Communications Security Establishment (CSE) is used as an arm of America’s National Security Agency while also illegally monitoring Canadians. This book provides one of the most detailed and descriptive accounts of how close-in technical intelligence operations are conducted, their successes, and their threats to the security of us all.
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, November 1, 1994. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ALDRICH AMES ESPIONAGE CASE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. INTELLIGENCE. Amazing incompetence goes unpunished and uncorrected.
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, U.S. House of Representatives, November 30, 1994. REPORT OF INVESTIGATION: THE ALDRICH AMES CASE. As Senator Moynihan wrote, “Our stupid but permanent CIA, what will we do about it, nothing.”
Wayne G. Jackson, Historical Staff, Central Intelligence Agency, declassified 6/22/94. ALLEN WELSH DULLES AS DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE, 26 FEBRUARY 1953-29 NOVEMBER 1961: VOLUME V, INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT OF POLICY. This of course is the CIA’s role — to support policy with slanted intelligence.
Wayne G. Jackson, Historical Staff, Central Intelligence Agency, declassified 6/22/94. ALLEN WELSH DULLES AS DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE, 26 FEBRUARY 1953-29 NOVEMBER 1961: VOLUME III, COVERT ACTIVITIES. The book outlines the government’s role in the unsuccessful operation in 1957-1958 in support of dissident military leaders attempting to overthrow Sukarno’s government in Indonesia. The CIA coordinated the operation with relevant elements of the United States Government. The Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, was so involved he acted as a “CIA case officer.” A detailed description of a second operation — the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 is an extended mea culpa (not). The CIA invaded Cuba with 1,500 armed men and expected with an additional air strike to overturn Castro’s dedicated and committed revolutionary army. The book makes little mention of CIA operations in Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam during the Dulles era.
John Heidenry. THEIRS WAS THE KINGDOM: LILA AND DEWITT WALLACE AND THE STORY OF THE READER’S DIGEST. New York, W. W. Norton. This is an informative book that portrays the close relationship between the CIA and the Reader’s Digest — as the latter frightened everyone with Cold War tales. The book names individuals, publications and books authored as part of CIA’s propaganda. Much information from this book has been entered in CIABASE.
Peter Grose, GENTLEMAN SPY: THE LIFE OF ALLEN DULLES. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company in 1994. The book covers the life of Allen Dulles from his early childhood to President of the Council on Foreign Relations, to being the impetus behind the creation of the CIA, to the Director of the Agency, to his post Bay of Pigs dismissal by Kennedy, and his life thereafter. The book, although generally understated, reviews some of major covert operations (with the exceptions of Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam) undertaken during the Dulles era and sums up by saying “The most damaging long-term legacy of Ajax (the CIA’s overthrow of the government of Iran in 1953) was the hubris that CIA through a covert political action, could so easily…change the politics of the world, shaping foreign societies to the American design.” Hopefully, someone in our foreign policy mechanism will recognize that the “promotion of democracy” policy of the Clinton Administration is merely a rehash of the Cold War actions that so often failed at tremendous cost to the American people. GENTLEMAN SPY notes the incompatibility of covert operations and intelligence, “you can’t get intelligence from advocates” — now if someone would only tell the President and Congress.
Irving Horowitz, (Ed). THE RISE AND FALL OF PROJECT CAMELOT: STUDIES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICAL POLITICS. Published by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press in 1967. An interesting sidelight to this publication is [that] MIT’s Center for International Studies was funded by CIA. Project CAMELOT was a military counterinsurgency project with a first year budget of eight million dollars that envisioned an alliance of the Pentagon and the academic community on a scale similar to the Manhattan Project.
Robert Manning, (Editor-in-Chief, 1988). WAR IN THE SHADOWS: THE VIETNAM EXPERIENCE. Boston Publishing Company, Boston, MA. A number of scholars and participants in the war wrote individual chapters of WAR IN THE SHADOWS. The book in many aspects is the most informative, concise and accurate of many of the books on Vietnam re the clandestine operations of the Special Operating Groups (SOGs) and the CIA’s various programs.
The United States’ leading wartime writer/scholar on the Vietcong, Douglas Pike, wrote the chapter, “The Vietcong Secret War.” He states the liberation associations of the VC were villagers molded into tight-knit, self-controlled, self-contained associations. Mao Tse-tung of China and Vo Nguyen Giap of Vietnam called liberation associations the initial phase and the sine qua non of their revolutions. In 1963, the VC announced that seven million South Vietnamese (generally rural civilians) had joined these associations. Pike’s article avoids numbers but the existence of those associations and their massive numbers was the intelligence community’s greatest secret or most egregious failure (one that I have rallied against for a quarter of a century). If the CIA had known and/or reported the seven-million-person-strong association structure, it would have invalidated all U.S. justifications for the war; hence, no war. Liberation association members — or to put it another way — most of the South Vietnamese — and their dedication, caused our defeat in Vietnam. Victory was never a possibility. William Colby, the CIA’s main man on Vietnam, called the liberation associations the skeletal organizations of no real power that came into existence late in the fighting.
In WAR IN THE SHADOWS, Pike outlines the spy networks of the Vietnamese communists — his coverage of counterespionage operations where I had a direct role are generally accurate and detailed. The communists penetrated the Thieu Government at every level and a CIA study written by the courageous intelligence analyst who fought the CIA at every step, Sam Adams, said the communists had 30,000 spies in Thieu’s government with a target of 50,000 in a few years. The Chapters, “Dawn of the War,” and “Operation Phoenix,” are also detailed. CIABASE includes much information from the WAR IN THE SHADOWS.
GAO/GGD-94-94, May 1994, U.S. General Accounting Office Report. INTERNATIONAL TRADE: U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY ISSUES AFFECTING U.S. BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN CHINA.
John Loftus and Mark Aarons, St. Martin’s Press, 1994. THE SECRET WAR AGAINST THE JEWS: HOW WESTERN ESPIONAGE BETRAYED THE JEWISH PEOPLE. The authors are far too rhetorical to be considered reliable. I added no entries in CIABASE from this book.
JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY — numerous recent issues have been entered in CIABASE. Sponsored foreign authors — and their plans for democracy in their countries.
SURVEILLANT, Volume 3, Number 6. This once impressive magazine’s issue took months to come out and even so it is quite disappointing. It appears to have little information not available from newspapers and magazines. Prior to receiving this issue, I had already read and entered in CIABASE all of the relevant books listed. However, Surveillant’s reviews of those books are helpful. The magazine has few references to Aldrich Ames other than noting a number of books about him are in the works.
Mark Reibling, WEDGE: THE SECRET WAR BETWEEN THE FBI AND CIA, published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1994. Upon first glance this seemed to be an impressive book with considerable new information about CIA/FBI operations and the problems between the two organizations. But on closer examination it appears to be so rife with unsupported data and conclusions, it loses all credibility. I did not add any citations to CIABASE from this book.
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CIA Past, Present and Future, Part II |
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by Ralph McGehee |
The primary news re the Central Intelligence Agency in early 1994 was the discovery and arrest of Aldrich Ames as a spy for Russia. The worst intelligence nightmare come true. I have not been surprised by the CIA’s ability to rise Phoenix-like from the ashes of its many covert action and intelligence disasters — but will it survive the Aldrich Ames debacle? The question is academic, for if the CIA does not survive some new or re-designed intelligence agency will rise to take its role; e.g., implementing policy while supplying “intelligence” to justify policy goals. (Already the commission to investigate the intelligence community’s deficiencies — the Warner/Aspin Commission has laid out the ground rules and will narrowly focus on non-substantive issues.)
As early as 1951, Walter “Beetle” Smith, director of the CIA under Truman, said covert action was distracting CIA from gathering and analysis of intelligence and asked whether the Agency would continue as an intelligence agency or had become a “cold war department.” Allen Dulles, the director under Eisenhower, answered the question and chose the latter path and in some years spent up to eighty percent of the CIA’s budget on covert operations. Covert dominance persisted until the Congressional investigations of the mid-1970s. Over the years the Agency increased expenditures for technical collection systems but CIA-supplied budget figures consistently understate its covert action costs.
For example, during the Afghanistan war the covert budget was nearly one billion dollars in one year, a figure openly discussed in Congress. At the same time the CIA claimed it spent only three percent of its money for covert operations. Those figures reflect an impossibly high amount but demonstrate how the CIA deceives the American people about the size and expense of its covert operations.
The CIA continues its role as the maker or breaker of governments while in the catbird seat of providing supportive intelligence. Critics of the Agency’s egregious intelligence miss the point, its intelligence is designed to fail — it must produce politicized intelligence — that is its role, to provide information to justify policy. Occasionally presidents need real intelligence but the infrastructure is so distorted by this requirement, and so bloated by bureaucrats, that it is incapable of providing accurate, unbiased information. An insider’s book, Silent Warfare: Understanding the World of Intelligence, by Abram N. Shulsky, argues that seeking intelligence to support policy is a legitimate task of the CIA.
The move to transfer or augment or conceal the CIA’s role in covert operations began over ten years ago with creation of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and later with the establishment of the Joint Special Forces Command. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) also play a role in foreign policy.
The Joint Special Forces Command assumes or supplements the Agency’s role in paramilitary operations; low intensity conflicts; strategic reconnaissance; unconventional warfare, including covert or clandestine operations, subversion, sabotage, intelligence collection, and escape and evasion; psychological operations, counterterrorism and others. (Special Forces also collect demographic information on indigenous populations — a task similar to the much disputed “Project Camelot,” of the 1960s.)
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) also appear to to be involved in CIA covert actions. The degree to which they serve as cover for CIA operations, funding, or personnel is not known. The book, Holy War, Unholy Victory, one of the few substantive books on covert action in Pakistan and Afghanistan in the 1980s, says European NGOs that sprung up around CIA operations were so intertwined with CIA it was impossible to separate them.
The Clinton Administration pushes the theme of promoting democracy around the world. In October 1994, the administration confirmed its worldwide program of intervention via Morton Halperin, former head of the ACLU in D.C., who is now special assistant to the president and senior director for democracy at the National Security Council. Halperin said, “We divide the world in two, those countries who choose democracy, we help … in those who do not choose it, we create conditions where they will choose it.” This statement indicates, of course, the CIA, or whatever, will continue the eternal, never-changing role of subverting other governments while reporting only policy-supportive intelligence.
The United States “promotes democracy” in the less accessible, restricted societies — Third World countries and the former Soviet States. The current democracy-promoting operations follow a pattern. The Administration, by influencing established human rights organizations and/or by creating new human rights groups, 12 in Africa alone, declares a country to be in violation of human rights. Propaganda damns these miscreants. Once a government has been appropriately demonized — diplomatic, political, propaganda, media operations and economic measures are applied to force the target country to honor human rights.
When the target nation lessens or abolishes political restrictions, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), the United States Information Agency (USIA), the government-backed and guided Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), the Export-Import Bank, the State Department, the Agency for International Development (AID), and the CIA all begin overt or covert operations to modify or replace governing authority. When these methods fail, we have the Joint Special Forces Command to fight the “insurgency,” with “counterinsurgency” operations.
NED is the primary overt vehicle for political operations — in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, Eastern Europe and in the former states of the USSR. NED subsidizes and influences elections, political parties, think tanks, academia, business groups, book publishers, media, and labor, religious, women’s, and youth organizations. NED assumed this role from CIA beginning in 1983, and uses many of the same institutions but operates more openly. While NED is in the open drawing all the attention, it is in part a smoke screen for operations by other organizations. As proof we cite a government study that states the United States through AID and USIA, “and other agencies,” is a huge and primary source of funding for democracy promotion programs.
An explicit demonstration of all of these processes was revealed recently when Russia’s Federal Counterintelligence Service reported in early 1995 that American research centers, institutes and aid organizations, were in fact spying on Russia and working to undermine it as a competitor to the U.S. “Through their special services [CIA] and scientific centers, the U.S. is penetrating deeply into all spheres of our country’s life, occupying strategic positions and influencing the development of political and economic processes in Russia … The use of scientific centers in intelligence and sabotage activities against Russia acquires a total character.”
The report named the Soros Foundation and dozens of other U.S. organizations that it says are using Russia’s open atmosphere to engage in subversive activity designed to steal secrets or restrain Russia as a competitor to the “one and only superpower.”
The report names groups from Harvard, Columbia and Duke Universities and their involvement in the December 1993 parliamentary elections. The university groups organized large polling samples and asked many detailed questions. Comment: This sort of activity was part of the social conditioning programming of the notorious Project Camelot, a Pentagon counterinsurgency project that envisioned an alliance of the Pentagon and the academic community on a scale similar to the Manhattan project. Camelot was used in Chile in the sixties but the resulting outcry forced its cancellation.
Another good example of U.S. interference is China. Prior to the Tiananmen Square incident, NED maintained two offices inside China and conducted regular seminars on Democracy. NED also sponsored various Chinese writers and publications. Probably NED or CIA, recruited numerous Chinese students studying in the United States; and, when Tiananmen Square erupted, either sent of helped fax thousands of letters to recipients in China, inflamed opinion via the Voice of America; and sheltered a leading dissident in the U.S. Embassy, which also arranged for many dissidents to flee China. NED continues to support Chinese activists and awards Tiananmen’s “Goddess of Democracy,” to noted dissidents of all nations.
In the early part of 1994 the United States tried to force the Chinese to allow U.S.-backed Chinese and Tibetan activists freer rein in exchange for continuation of the Most Favored Nation (MFN) trade status and called China a violator of human rights. (In May 1994, Chinese police detained four members of a local Association for Human Rights as one of their number boarded a flight for the United States.) In late May 1994 Clinton, bowing to pressure from business interests, separated human rights from China’s Most Favored Nation (MFN) trade status.
The other more prominent NED operations in 1993 and early 1994 in Asia, were Vietnam and Burma. In the case of Burma, the Administration announced a diplomatic campaign in March 1994, to isolate the Burmese government while proclaiming we were considering economic sanctions to force Burma to improve its human rights. Some of the activities sponsored in Burma by NED as listed in NED’s 1993 annual report, include the Democratic Voice of Burma, the National League for Democracy/Liberated Area; the National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB); and the Federation of Trade Unions of Burma.
We continue operations to promote democracy in Vietnam. Such operations first began in the early 1950s, and became the Vietnam War. As a tragic footnote to history, the Vietnamese Government in mid-June 1994 announced their death toll: three million people — one million North Vietnamese and two million soldiers and civilians of the South. In addition more than four million sustained injuries and over two million people were made invalids.
There appears to be a great deal of ambiguity on the part of domestic political ideologies as to whether promoting democracy is good or bad, should be condoned or condemned, or supported or opposed selectively. In South Africa, the former Soviet Republics, Somalia, Bosnia, Haiti, China, Burma, and some other countries there is support, even pressure, for U.S. interference, but in other countries, many object to the U.S. role. In my experience with, and research on the CIA, the majority of United States political operations have had disastrous consequences for the target countries and in many cases also for the United States.
Where the U.S. has operated to change governments, it frequently replaced popular administrations with military dictatorships, or with elected governments that fronted for military rule, or with very conservative civilian rule. From Iran in 1953 to the 1994 election in El Salvador CIABASE records dozens of examples of the tragic consequences of U.S. intervention.
HOLY WAR, UNHOLY VICTORY: EYEWITNESS TO THE CIA’S SECRET WAR IN AFGHANISTAN, by Kurt Lohbeck, published by Regnery Gateway, Washington, D.C., 1993. The author who worked for various U.S. new organizations at different periods of the war had unique access to U.S.-backed participants in the war. He had personal discussions with the Director of CIA, William Casey, and President Ronald Reagan and at least once delivered money to one of the mujahaddin group leaders supported by the CIA. Lohbeck also went on many attack missions into Afghanistan with the mujahaddin. Despite his close associations, Lohbeck is essentially critical of the persecution and outcome of the war. The CIA insisted on giving the majority of its support to Gulbaddin Hekmatyar, a fanatic resistance leader who is also vehemently anti-American and supports the extremist Pan-Islam movement. Hekmatyar’s power is now a major concern of our policymakers who consider the primary enemy in the area to be radical Islamic fundamentalism. Lohbeck also records and names some of the humanitarian aid organizations that sprung up around the covert operations of the CIA and frequently became so intertwined with them that they were inseparable — particularly the various European NGOs. Holy War is an informative and worthwhile book.
WAR OF NUMBERS: AN INTELLIGENCE MEMOIR, by Samuel Adams, published in 1994 by Steerforth Press. Sam Adams was a junior CIA analyst who for years fought the CIA’s and the military’s deceitfully low estimates of Vietnamese Communist strengths. Sam died in 1988, but Steerforth Press posthumously brought out his nearly complete manuscript. “War of Numbers” is a masterpiece of articulate exposition about the battle in the trenches of the Agency’s Intelligence Directorate over the Vietnam War. Adams’ explanations of the processes he used to make his determinations, the meticulous attention to detail, and the seemingly inexplicable deficiencies of the CIA’s Intelligence Directorate that did not assign anyone full-time to count the Viet Cong until the mid-1960s, all make this book essential reading. “Numbers” says CIA estimates virtually ignored what should have been its primary source — captured enemy documents. If the Agency had used those documents it would have had to increase the numbers of the enemy to their real numbers, making the war an American invasion, which it was.
THE INDOCHINA STORY: A FULLY DOCUMENTED ACCOUNT, by the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars, published by Pantheon Books in New York in 1970. It is difficult to read this book and understand how the American people could believe the lies about the war by our Government. The book put forth in 1970 — five years before the war ended — a documented version of what had happened and would happen in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.
THE CIA UNDER HARRY TRUMAN: CIA COLD WAR RECORDS, by Dr. Michael Warner, published by the History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C. The book contains a compilation of Top Secret Documents outlining the transition of the OSS to the CIA; the CIA under DCI Hillenkoetter: and, the Smith Years 1950 to 1952. There is a minimum of editorializing with the flow of the book supported by copies of Top Secret documents. The Agency’s (required) view of the world threatened by the International Communist Conspiracy and the falling dominoes, comes through vividly in the various position papers and intelligence estimates.
THE CIA’S DARKEST SECRETS: AN EXCLUSIVE INVESTIGATION OF CORRUPTION AND INCOMPETENCE IN AMERICA’S SPY SERVICE. The cover article of the 4 July 1994 issue of U.S. News & World Report.
Foreign Policy magazine, Winter 1993-1994, an article by Marvin Ott, “SHAKING UP THE CIA.” An establishment criticism of the CIA’s intelligence with recommendations for reform. The criticisms and recommendations have been around for years but now the atmosphere may be ripe for accomplishing some change.
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY: 1993 ANNUAL REPORT. The document outlines NED activities throughout the world in Latin American and the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and the republics of the former Soviet Union. The report gives a nation-by-nation account of the various institutions and their leaders funded by NED and should be required reading for political activists and policymakers for all countries and persuasions. The names of all supported institutions have been entered into CIABASE.
JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY, a quarterly published by the National Endowment for Democracy and John Hopkins University Press. The Journal includes writings by many who are apparently subsidized writers. Names of authors and titles of some writings contained in issues of the Journal have been entered into CIABASE. We may assume that some of these persons are on the U.S.-National Endowment for Democracy payroll — or to put it another way — agents of the United States. The July 1992 issue contains the startling announcement of a new “underground” movement in China — the Free Trade Union of China. This announcement was published by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions — a long time CIA labor front organization.
PROMOTING DEMOCRACY: FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND DEFENSE AGENCIES FUNDS AND ACTIVITIES — 1991 TO 1993, General Accounting Office report GAO/NSAID-94-83, January 1994. The report breaks down support for democracy in the regions of the world by agency or department with dollar totals for 1991, 1992 and 1993.
NED AT 10, Foreign Affairs Magazine, Summer 1994, by Thomas Carothers.
THE BIG WHITE LIE, by Michael Levine, published in 1993 by Thunder’s Mouth Press. Many of the book’s claims are apparently valid, but the manner of their presentation and hyperbole make it difficult to separate fact from dramatic license. Collateral reporting, including a 60 Minutes segment, shows the CIA was duped into facilitating drug shipments to the United States to authenticate penetration operations.
SPIES AND PROVOCATEURS: A WORLDWIDE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PERSONS CONDUCTING ESPIONAGE AND COVERT ACTION, 1946-1991, by Wendell L. Minnick, published in North Carolina in 1992 by McFarland & Company, Inc. The book contains a very useful and comprehensive inventory of known espionage cases and personalities — from the KGB to the CIA. The book also lists key events in a chronology at the back of the book. Its alphabetical catalog of agents and officials, with brief descriptions, makes it a one-of-a-kind resource. In some cases Minnick’s ‘s details seem over simplified but can be an important aid to further research. CIABASE entries from the book include names of cases related primarily to CIA, plus a few entries about other major operations and operators.
MARITA: ONE WOMAN’S EXTRAORDINARY TALE OF LOVE AND ESPIONAGE FROM CASTRO TO KENNEDY, by Marita Lorenz with Ted Schwarz, published by Thunder’s Mouth Press in New York in 1993. A lover of Fidel Castro sent by CIA to kill him. The book seems to be a mixture of fact and fiction and it is difficult to determine which is which. Marita asserts that she rode with anti-Castro Cubans and Lee Harvey Oswald to Dallas in November 1963 — but left before the assassination of Kennedy.
IN OUR IMAGE: AMERICA’S EMPIRE IN THE PHILIPPINES, by Stanley Karnow, published by Random House, Inc., in 1989. In Our Image details the role played by the United States as it involved itself in Philippine politics — particularly after World War Two — and gives a good account of events that led to the removal of Marcos and the installation of Cory Aquino. Karnow describes the blow-by-blow battle in Washington to get President Reagan to accept Marco’s removal. The book also provides a clear and precise account of the role OPC/CIA played in lionizing and electing Magsaysay in the 1950s and the Agency’s failed efforts in a later election.
SILENT WARFARE: UNDERSTANDING THE WORLD OF INTELLIGENCE, Second Edition Revised. The book was originally written by Abram N. Shulsky, with the revision prepared by Gary Schmitt. This is the bible of the pro-intelligence set. Its definitions and descriptions of the processes of intelligence seem precise and could by used as a primer for CIA trainees. The book details the scope of intelligence: human intelligence operations, technical collection, open-source collection, the analysis of intelligence, counterintelligence, counterespionage, and covert action — but as is always true, pro-CIA discussions of covert actions are useless. Surprisingly the book badly makes an argument for politicized intelligence, “In a supportive role, intelligence must concentrate its efforts on finding and analyzing information relevant to the implementations of policy.” This practice accurately describes CIA’s intelligence from its inception to today.
SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES: FORCE STRUCTURE AND READINESS ISSUES, GAO/NSIAD-94-105, March 1994. A General Accounting Office study of Special Forces that criticizes and discusses the “unified” command of United States’ special operations. For those wishing to understand the background, effectiveness, command relationships and force structures this is an essential document. Although treating special operations only in general terms, it does summarize the plans and uses of the Special Forces.
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CIA Operations in China—Another CIA Domestic Op?
By Ralph McGehee, [April 1996]
Part 1
< http://spot.acorn.net/jfkplace/03/RM/China.html> n.d.
Is the United States on a collision course with the People’s Republic of China? All-too-familiar patterns of deception and demonization as a precursor to U.S. aggression appear in the U.S. media in a wave of anti-China propaganda. The propaganda casts China in various roles: aggressor against Taiwan, violator of human rights against dissidents at home, torturer of its orphans, and proliferator of nuclear weapons to Pakistan, Iran and other developing nations.
In testimony to Congress in 1996, Deutch declared the CIA will be paying its closest attention to China because that nation has the greatest military power for the foreseeable future. This, of course, conceals the overwhelming issue of the tremendous economic power building in China that threatens an Asian economic Falling Dominoes—the same reason we began the Vietnam war. This, more than China’s current military strength, concerns our elite policymakers—ensuring major CIA covert operations to discredit, demonize and overthrow the current government.
The current operations appear now to occur under the rubric of the National Endowment for Democracy such as Harry Wu’s Laogai foundation, and the other 17 openly funded operations of NED to alter the government of China.
An operation whose sponsorship is becoming clearer is Human Rights Watch/Asia. This organization appears to be an offshoot of the Helsinki Watch, in part funded by NED (CIA?). It was a report by Human Rights Watch/Asia on the treatment of orphans in China that kicked off a media frenzy, especially when tied to the testimonials about human rights abuses by Harry Wu of the U.S.-financed Laogai Foundation.
This on-going campaign re human rights violations in China, finds NED totally emersed in the publicity and permits us to see more clearly the direct link between NED and CIA and NED’s Human Rights
campaign and the CIA’s Operation Yellow Bird.
Operation Yellow Bird—is the name for clandestine rescue from China of most important pro-democracy leaders. For 6 months after the June crackdown, CIA’s most valued agents in China, Hong Kong, and Macao provided A safe haven and means of escape. Wuer kaixi and Li Lu disappeared, later Other leading dissidents wan Runnan and Yan Jaiqi, made it to west. During Last week in may, U.S. Ambassador Lilley handed out more than 200 visas to Intellectuals, scientists, and students and on several occasions lent money To escapees. In absence of credible CIA leadership in China, Lilley was Once again CIA’s Beijing COS. Chinese astrophysicist, Feng Lizhi, went to Embassy for safe haven. Perry, m. (1992). Eclipse: the last days of the CIA 247-8
President Bush ordered a covert action that rescued Pro-democracy leaders in China. CIA coordinated underground railroad that smuggled perhaps hundreds to Hong Kong in Operation Yellow Bird that involved the use of CIA-supplied disguises, scrambler telephones, night-vision Gunsights, infra-red signalers, speedboats and weapons for off-shore ops. For a 6 month period following crackdown, a network of dozens of CIA’s most valued agents in China, Hong Kong and Macao provided a safe haven and means of escape for most important organizers. Bush’s finding endorsed a program already underway. Mark Perry’s, Eclipse: the last days of The CIA.
Washington times 9/17/92 a6
Operation Yellowbird was a daring plot to help dissidents escape. Over the past 7 years 500 Chinese dissidents rescued including Wuer Kaixi. Op an alliance of human-rights advocates, western diplomats, businessmen, professional smugglers, and kings of Hong Kong’s underworld. More than 80 mainland dissidents are still stuck in Hong Kong, waiting for asylum somewhere. Some have been there for years. Operation Yellowbird was born night of Beijing massacre. Within hours 40 pro-democracy activists united to form Yellowbird. They collected money from the business community (comment—probably the CIA) and conspired with mob bosses and smugglers. On at least five occasions extraction teams were sent into China to find and rescue top dissidents they had scrambler devices, night-vision goggles, infrared signalers, even make-up artists. Some saw hand of CIA but these accusations denied. Worked with cooperative Local officials. In aftermath of 89 the U.S. And France threw open their doors for escaping students. The group that takes care of new arrivals is, The Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic Movement in China. Wuer Kaixi is now a student in California, he plans to help coordinate protests In Hong Kong. Newsweek 4/1/96 45. (Comment—Newsweek either did not check the public record or may be relying on officialdom in denying CIA involvement).
Recently the CIA began publicizing China’s shipment of magnets to Pakistan. (One aspect not mentioned in all of this is that the CIA’s 1980s operation to arm radical Islamic fundamentalists in Afghanistan via Pakistan, facilitating the contacts leading to trade in arms links now between China and Pakistan).
My fears are that our policymaking elite may be determined to fight the growth of China’s power in world affairs and may order more aggressive covert, and later possibly even military operations, aimed at China. We have the book Intervention
by the much consulted (especially re China) Richard Haass of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). Haass’ book argues that the American military be used in intervention operations around the world. Haass is the same man who honchoed the 1996 CFR Study, Making Intelligence Smarter,
which argues for more activism and power for the CIA.
The current military and economic domination of the U.S. in world affairs, the increasing activism of the U.S. elite, their lack of restraint, their control of the U.S. intelligence
product, their domination of media coverage, their ability to manage perceptions while demonizing targets, the naivety of the Americans who want to believe their leaders, all warn about the future of United States relations with China.
The CIA-initiated Vietnam-like Quagmire may be repeated with even direr consequences for the United States. My fervent caution to all—do not trust the CIA, especially its intelligence. It could be our downfall.
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 1996 07:38:45 -0700 (PDT)>
From: Ralph McGehee <rmcgehee@igc.apc.org>
Message-Id: <199604251438.HAA26205@igc2.igc.apc.org>
; To: BROWNH@CCSUA.CTSTATEU.EDU
Subject: Re: Tibet – Another CIA Domestic Op?
Since the earlier posting re CIA operations in China a few additional facts have appeared.
Before I list these I should note why I oppose the CIA’s policy of overthrowing the Chinese government. First, the Agency’s operations around the world have universally suppressed the poor, the workers, concerned, loyal, progressive elements while empowering despots. There is no reason to assume it would be any different for China.
China probably does not have the best record in human rights but we can be assured it would be much worse after a CIA coup. China’s prison population now is about the same as that in the U.S. with a fourth of the population. China has few homeless—compare that to our record. Are we so wise that any government we create for China would be better than a government decided by the Chinese.
The Vietnam syndrome—we began the Vietnam War to create an economic empire for the United States. This is the same reason we are targeting China. We have already seen the eagerness with which our leadership challenges the Chinese government—the Seventh Fleet and its flotillas in the waters around China and the political operations to create a new government—a la Ngo Dinh Diem. How soon will various provocations lead to an Vietnam-type escalation?
We can predict that as the time to turn over of Hong Kong to Chinese authority nears—there will be CIA-generated demonstrations—in Hong Kong and in the United States and probably a number of other countries. Many of these demonstrations will be manned by the Chinese dissidents who exited China via CIA Yellowbird assets. Disinformation and demonizing stories will permeate our media based on CIA-generated stories.
Another reason for opposing NED/CIA operations against China is the incompetency of the CIA—both its operations and intelligence. Its flawed information will lead us into another quagmire exacerbated by its own operations.
The new material
The Bulletin of Concerned Asia Scholars ran an interview with Fang Lizhi, China’s most prominent and vocal advocate of democracy. More than any other individual, he sparked, stoked and gave voice to the [Tiananmen Square incident]. After the demonstrations of 6/4/89, Fang fled to the U.S. Embassy where he remained a year. In 1992, Fang became a tenured professor at the University of Arizona where he champions human rights worldwide, especially in China.
In the interview Fang admitted that he is a member of Human Rights in China, is Vice President of the Chinese Committee to end the Chinese Gulag (obviously the Laogai Foundation headed by Harry Wu and funded by the National Endowment for Democracy/CIA) which in Fang’s words is part of Asia Watch. Asia Watch is undoubtedly Human Rights Watch/Asia the same organization that produced the study on orphans in China that created a media frenzy. Human Rights Watch/Asia claims it is privately funded.
So we can see the current NED/CIA demonizing operation in graphic detail.
Tibet. A group of marchers are trekking seven hours a day from the Chinese embassy in Washington to New York City. The walk is sponsored by the International Tibet Independence Movement, the U.S. Tibet Committee, the Tibetan Woman’s Association, and Students of Free Tibet. The group is led by Thubten Jigme Norbu—the Dalai Lama’s eldest brother and Palden Gyatso. In 1959, Gyatso organized 500 monks against the Chinese. Larry Gerstein, a coordinator of the march for Tibet’s independence said, We (sic) are not interested in negotiating with China, we’re interested in a free and independent Tibet.
Comment: Earlier the CIA sponsored Tibetan guerrillas who were trained at Camp Hale in Colorado. A group of Americans who happened to see them at an airport were held at gunpoint for an extended period.
Tibet. Funding. The American Society for a Free Asia, is ostensibly a private lobbying group, but was set up with CIA help. It sponsored a United States lecture tour in 1956 by Thubten Norbu the Dalai Lama’s eldest brother. Prados, J. (1986). Presidents’ Secret Wars, page 154. See below for additional CIABASE traces on these elements.
CIA Operations in China
Is the United States on a collision course with the People’s Republic of China? All-too-familiar patterns of deception and demonization as a precursor to U.S. aggression appear in the U.S. media in a wave of anti-China propaganda. The propaganda casts China in various roles: aggressor against Taiwan, violator of human rights against dissidents at home, torturer of its orphans, and proliferator of nuclear weapons to Pakistan, Iran and other developing nations.
In testimony to Congress in 1996, Deutch declared the CIA will be paying its closest attention to China because that nation has the greatest military power for the foreseeable future. This, of course, conceals the overwhelming issue of the tremendous economic power building in China that threatens an Asian economic Falling Dominoes—the same reason we began the Vietnam war. This, more than China’s current military strength, concerns our elite policymakers—ensuring major CIA covert operations to discredit, demonize and overthrow the current government.
The current operations appear now to occur under the rubric of the National Endowment for Democracy such as Harry Wu’s Laogai foundation, and the other 17 openly funded operations of NED to alter the government of China.
An operation whose sponsorship is becoming clearer is Human Rights Watch/Asia. This organization appears to be an offshoot of the Helsinki Watch, in part funded by NED (CIA?). It was a report by Human Rights Watch/Asia on the treatment of orphans in China that kicked off a media frenzy, especially when tied to the testimonials about human rights abuses by Harry Wu of the U.S.-financed Laogai Foundation.
This on-going campaign re human rights violations in China, finds NED totally emersed in the publicity and permits us to see more clearly the direct link between NED and CIA and NED’s Human Rights
campaign and the CIA’s Operation Yellow Bird.
Operation Yellow Bird—is the name for clandestine rescue from China of most important pro-democracy leaders. For 6 months after the June crackdown, CIA’s most valued agents in China, Hong Kong, and Macao provided A safe haven and means of escape. Wuer kaixi and Li Lu disappeared, later Other leading dissidents wan Runnan and Yan Jaiqi, made it to west. During Last week in may, U.S. Ambassador Lilley handed out more than 200 visas to Intellectuals, scientists, and students and on several occasions lent money To escapees. In absence of credible CIA leadership in China, Lilley was Once again CIA’s Beijing COS. Chinese astrophysicist, Feng Lizhi, went to Embassy for safe haven. Perry, m. (1992). Eclipse: the last days of the CIA 247-8
President Bush ordered a covert action that rescued Pro-democracy leaders in China. CIA coordinated underground railroad that smuggled perhaps hundreds to Hong Kong in Operation Yellow Bird that involved the use of CIA-supplied disguises, scrambler telephones, night-vision Gunsights, infra-red signalers, speedboats and weapons for off-shore ops. For a 6 month period following crackdown, a network of dozens of CIA’s most valued agents in China, Hong Kong and Macao provided a safe haven and means of escape for most important organizers. Bush’s finding endorsed a program already underway. Mark Perry’s, Eclipse: the last days of The CIA.
Washington times 9/17/92 a6
Recently the CIA began publicizing China’s shipment of magnets to Pakistan. (One aspect not mentioned in all of this is that the CIA’s 1980s operation to arm radical Islamic fundamentalists in Afghanistan via Pakistan, facilitating the contacts leading to trade in arms links now between China and Pakistan).
My fears are that our policymaking elite may be determined to fight the growth of China’s power in world affairs and may order more aggressive covert, and later possibly even military operations, aimed at China. We have the book Intervention
by the much consulted (especially re China) Richard Haass of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). Haass’ book argues that the American military be used in intervention operations around the world. Haass is the same man who honchoed the 1996 CFR Study, Making Intelligence Smarter,
which argues for more activism and power for the CIA.
The current military and economic domination of the U.S. in world affairs, the increasing activism of the U.S. elite, their lack of restraint, their control of the U.S. intelligence
product, their domination of media coverage, their ability to manage perceptions while demonizing targets, the naivety of the Americans who want to believe their leaders, all warn about the future of United States relations with China.
The CIA-initiated Vietnam-like Quagmire may be repeated with even direr consequences for the United States. My fervent caution to all—do not trust the CIA, especially its intelligence. It could be our downfall.
A brief summary of CIABASE traces reveal
China, 80-95 interview with fang lizhi. china’s most prominent and vocal advocate of democracy. more than any other individual, fang lizhi sparked, stoked and gave voice to the popular yearning for democracy in china. deng xiaping said he was one of black hands
behind the massive demonstrations of 89 (tiananmen square). after the demonstrations of 6/4/89, fang and his wife, were at the top of china’s most wanted list and were sheltered in the u.s. embassy where they remained for a year. the chinese gvt allowed them to leave. in early 91 fang became a visiting fellow at the institute for advanced study in princeton. in 92, fang became a tenured professor at the university of arizona in tucson where he champions human rights worldwide, especially in china. fang is a member of human rights in china and is the vice president of the Chinese committee to end the Chinese gulag (laogai?), Which is part of Asia watch. Fang interview by marlowe hood. Bulletin of Concerned Asian scholars 5/95 21
China, 89 China accuses people in the u.s., england and hong kong for Conspiring in the pro-democracy demonstrations. Those elements offered more Than $1 million, including bounties to those barricading roads, destroying Military vehicles and killing soldiers. China accused especially bao tong, Head of a liberal think tank, fang lizhi and the the stone corporation, a Private high-tech firm that donated tens of thousands of dollars in Materials to the demonstrators. Wp 7/7/89 a19,24. The beijing stone Computer company singled out for criticism. Washington post 7/6/89 a19
China, 89 The u.s. Embassy is still home for chinese dissidents fang Lizhi and li shuxian. Fang has played a curious role in the democratic Sentiment. Chinese security officials barred him from attending pres bush’s Banquet in 2/89. Washington post 8/4/89 a25,27
China, 89-90 Op yellow bird—unofficial name for clandestine rescue from China of most important pro-democracy leaders. For 6 months after june Crackdown, cia’s most valued agents in china, hong kong, and macao provided A safe haven and means of escape. Wuer kaixi and li lu disappeared, later Other leading dissidents wan runnan and yan jiaqi, made it to west. During Last week in may, u.s. Ambassador lilley handed out more than 200 visas to Intellectuals, scientists, and students and on several occasions lent money To escapees. In absence of credible cia leadership in china, lilley was Once again cia’s beijing cos. Chinese astrophysicist, feng lizhi, went to Embassy for safe haven. It evident pro-democracy leaders could not have Made their way to west without tacit assistance of chinese security Officials. A number of western intel agencies helped—such as french, British. Perry, m. (1992). Eclipse: the last days of the cia 247-8
China, 89 President bush ordered a covert action that rescued Pro-democracy leaders in china. Cia coordinated underground railroad that Smuggled perhaps hundreds to hong kong in operation yellow bird that Involved use of cia-supplied disguises, scrambler telephones, night-vision Gunsights, infra-red signalers, speedboats and weapons for off-shore ops. For 6 month period following crackdown, a network of dozens of cia’s most Valued agents in china, hong kong and macao provided a safe haven and means Of escape for most important organizers. Bush’s finding endorsed a program Already underway. Info from book by mark perry, eclipse: the last days of The cia.
washington times 9/17/92 a6
China, 96 Op yellowbird, daring plot to help dissidents escape. Over past Seven years 500 chinese dissidents rescued including wuer kaixi. Op an Alliance of human-rights advocates, western diplomats, businessmen, Professional smugglers, and kings of hong kong’s underworld. More than 80 Mainland dissidents are still stuck in hong kong, waiting for asylum Somewhere. Some have been there for years. Op yellowbird born night of Beijing massacre. Within hours 40 pro-democracy activists united to form Yellowbird. They collected money from the business community and conspired With mob bosses and smugglers. On at least five occasions extraction teams Sent into china to find and rescue top dissidents they had scrambler Devices, night-vision goggles, infrared signalers, even make-up artists. Some saw hand of cia but these accusations denied. Worked with cooperative Local officials. In aftermath of 89 the u.s. And france threw open their Doors for escaping students. The group that takes care of new arrivals is, The alliance in support of the patriotic democratic movement in china. Wuer Kaixi is now a student in california, he plans to help coordinate protests In hong kong. Newsweek 4/1/96 45
china, tibet, 96 a group of marchers trekking seven hours a day from the chinese embassy in d.c. to new york city. walk sponsored by the international tibet independence movement, the u.s. tibet committee, the tibetan women’s association, and students of free tibet. group led by —-thubten jigme norbu—the dalai lama’s eldest brother and palden gyatso. in 59, gyatso organized 500 monks against the chinese invasion of tibet’s capital. larry gerstein, a coordinator of the march for tibet’s independence said, we are not interested in negotiating with china, we’re interested in a free and independent tibet.
the progressive 5/96 16
Tibet, funding. American society for a free asia, ostensibly private lobby Group, set up with cia help sponsored u.s. Lecture tour in 1956 Of Thubten Norbu the dalai lama’s eldest brother. Prados, J. (1986). Presidents’ Secret Wars 154
China, tibet, 94-95 The tibet fund for democracy programs in tibet. National endowment for democracy newsletter summer 94-95
Tibet, china, 94 Ned $25,000 for promoting info about tibet. National Endowment for democracy annual report 94 48
Worldwide. Minority groups. Encouraged groups and abandoned them—cubans in Miami, khambas in tibet, sumatran colonels in indonesia, meos in laos, Montagnards in vietnam, nationalist chinese in burma, ukrainians in russia And kurds in iraq. Powers, t. (1979). The man who kept the secrets 37
Tibet, china, 94 Ned grant tibet fund 35,420 to distribute cassettes, Videotapes and booklets on democracy in tibet, and among tibetan exile Communities in india and nepal. National endowment for democracy annual Report 94 49
Tibet, china, 94 Ned funded tibet voice,
to produce tapes for Distribution. Tapes included multiple addresses by the dali lama. National Endowment for democracy annual report 94 23
Tibet, 89-90 Ned, international fund for development of tibet to Establish center for regional development in tibet to be located in tibet. Center will link tibetans, encourage greater tibetan participation in Development of a market economy and in political process. 1990 $25,000 National endowment for democracy annual report 89 16-7, 90 21
China. More than 200 overflights of mainland china and tibet via cia Airlines. Marchetti, v., & marks, j.d. (1974). The cia and the cult of Intelligence 122-136
China, tibet, 58-61 Cia established a base camp at camp hale near Leadville, colorado where it trained troops of the dalai lama. The Guerrillas trained to fight against communist china via guerrilla raids and By cia contract mercenaries and supported by cia planes. Congressional Research service. (2/18/75). Covert acts of the cia 50-74 2/18/75 5
India. China. Nikhil maitra, director eastern india news agency
wrote Book violence in tibet
main chapters based on cia material. Ind 28
China, tibet, 59-61 Cia’s tibetan op began 8/59 when 20 khamba tribesmen Arr. Camp hale, colorado. They served as cadre in guerrilla army which Devoted most resources to mining major roads. Cia hoped to strengthen role Dalai lama. Ops curtailed may 60 when there 42,000 khambas fighting for Cia. Mccoy, a.w. (1972). The politics of heroin in southeast asia notes 426
China, tibet. Dalai lama 59 A few guerrillas trg in camp hale were among Those who helped guide dalai lama thru mountain passes and over border into India. Wise, d. (1973). The politics of lying 252
China, 93 Ned and/or cipe supporting in china: chinese economists Society, center for modern china, china perspective to support the chinese Intellectual
; columbia’s university’s center for study of human rights, Center for chinese legal studies, and east asian institute for publications And course development; democratic china magazine; ftui to enable asian American free labor institute (aafli) to help activists in china and unions In hong kong and funding hong kong confederation of free trade unions; ftui To enable aafli support chinese activists in exile; future of china society To support conference at princeton university’s woodrow wilson school; Legal education and assistance project; iri to promote legislation; laogai Research foundation; press freedom guardian; tibet fund; and, the today Magazine. National endowment for democracy annual report 9/93 39-40
China, 94 Asia watch report notes wang wanxing, a political dissident, Was arrested after staging a one-man demonstration in tiananmen square in 92. He is one of 1,700 named in report by asia watch, ny-based human rights Monitoring org. Report states 93 was worst period for political arrests Since mid-1990. 80% of arrests occurred in tibet where buddhist monks have Demonstrated for independence from china. Washington post 2/21/94 a26
China, tibet, 92 Chinese authorities arrested at least 69 persons for Pro-tibetan pro-independence. London-based tibetan information network said Arrests made in villages and remote tibetan monasteries. Washington times 6/20/92 a2
China, tibet, 93 International campaign for tibet, a non-gvt organization (Ngo), pushing human rights in tibet at a press conference said china Trying to change its image over rights violations in tibet. Lodi gyaltsen Gyari, is president of the organization and once was part of the dalai Lama’s gvt. Reed brody was another participant at the press conference. He Is director of the international human rights law groups. Tibet, a part of China under last dynasty, was pried loose by england in 1911 when dynasty Collapsed. Washington times 11/16/93 a12
Tibet, 94 Tibetans still flee chinese masters. 35 years after an uprising Failed and the dalai lama fled to india, his people continue to follow him Into exile. President clinton set as one condition on china for renewing Mfn status, protecting tibet distinctive heritage. On 5/26 he dropped any Further linkage between human rights and mfn trade status. Washington times 6/4/94 a9
Tibet, china, 94 Dalai lama, tibet’s exiled leader, has dropped plans to Move his hqs from dharamsala, india. Washington times 6/4/94 a8
Domestic op, china. During training of tibetans at camp hale story planted In denver post that defense atomic support agency carrying out top secret Testing program. Robbins, c. (1979). Air america 97
Media. Because tibetans exposed petersen field in colorado, army soldiers Held 47 americans at gunpoint. Story kept out of new york times by personal Intercession mcnamara. Prados, j. (1986). Presidents’ secret wars 168
Tibet, 56 Funding. American society for a free asia, ostensibly private Lobby group, set up with cia help sponsored u.s. Lecture tour 56 of thubten Norbu, dalai lama’s eldest brother. Prados, j. (1986). Presidents’ secret Wars 154
Tibet, circa 57-61 American society for a free asia, a cia front, Propagandized cause of tibetan resistance. Covert action information Bulletin (now covert action quarterly) w/88 49
Clinton backs dalai lama on talks to preserve tibetan religion and culture. International campaign for tibet,
said clinton’s statement implicit Recognition of dalai lama’s political role. Washington times 4/30/94 a4
China, tibet, 95 Six months ago dalai lama announced he had confirmed a Different 6-year-old as reincarnation of 1oth panchen lama, who died in 1989. Beijing accused the dalai lama of meddling in china’s internal Affairs.
u.s. News & world report 12/11/95 26
China, tibet, 58-61 Cia established a base camp at camp hale near Leadville, colorado where it trained troops of the dalai lama. The Guerrillas trained to fight against communist china via guerrilla raids and By cia contract mercenaries and supported by cia planes. Congressional Research service. (2/18/75). Covert acts of the cia 50-74 2/18/75 5
China, tibet. It clear tibetan op could only harass the chinese but cia Officers encouraged tibetans believe they being prepared for reconquering Their homeland. Robbins, c. (1979). Air america 100
93 Ned holds 4th world conference in 4/93, dalai lama of tibet made Opening remarks. Speakers in one panel were liu binyan of china, jose Zalaquett of chile, kanan makiya of iraq, and lithuania’s former president, Vytautas. President clinton spoke at the reception. Journal of democracy (National endowment for democracy) 7/93 140-1
China, 91-92 Chinese democracy activists and others participated in an Ned-funded conference in wash d.c. Co-sponsored by the tibet forum and Center for modern china. National endowment for democracy annual report 1992 19
China, 92 Loss of central political control has allowed ned to expand its In-country activity which had been focused on supporting projects outside Of china. Concentrated on civil society development: promoting Environmental awareness and activism; supporting democratic developments in Regions of china with large tibetan population; legal education; and Providing legal assistance for victims of political persecution. Ned grants Supported ten publications in china that focused on labor, market Economics, democratization movements inside and outside china, democratic Process and development of pluralistic and civil societies. National Endowment for democracy annual report 1992 42
Asia, 92 Asian organizations supported by national endowment for Democracy in 1992 include: international fund for the development of Tibet, National endowment for democracy annual report 1992 42-49
China, tibet. Since 56 cia helping khamba tribesmen. Between 10/58 and 2/59 Cia dropped close to ten tons of weapons and supplies to newly constituted National volunteer defense army of tibet. In spring of 59 cia helped dalai Lama flee disguised as a peasant. Op to aid khambas Stayed alive into kennedy adm. Parts of op pushed out of india and into Nepal. In spring of 61, khambas ambushed a pla convoy and captured 1,600 Pages of valuable docs. Cia analysts were able to learn sino-soviet split Real. Thomas, e. (1995). The very best men 276-7