| CIA and the Indian Nuclear Test And recommendations for intelligence/operational analysis |
| by Ralph McGehee |
CIA Missed Signs Of India’s Nuclear Test. CIA to Investigate.
A U.S. spy satellite clearly depicted activity last week at India’s remote desert nuclear test site, but U.S. intelligence officials scrutinizing the images failed to discern that India was preparing to conduct the three nuclear blasts it set off on Monday [May 11, 1998].
Even when “clear-cut” evidence of the nuclear test preparations was recorded by a satellite at midnight on Sunday, six hours before the tests, no CIA warning was issued because the U.S. analysts responsible for tracking the Indian nuclear program had not expected the tests. They were asleep at their homes and did not see the pictures until they arrived at work in the morning. As a result, the U.S. did not learn of the preparations until after the blasts had occurred, when news services carried accounts of a public acknowledgment by India’s Prime Minister. When the White House asked the CIA for details, the agency’s top officials had none.
CIA to “investigate” what went wrong. Washington Post 5/13/98 A1.
We can predict the outcome of this investigation — this sort of thing has happened many times before. The intelligence community will investigate itself and find this individual or that technique was to blame not the CIA itself. And then we can all go back to claiming that we have the “best intelligence service in the world,” as stated recently (and endlessly over the years) in a session of the House Intelligence Oversight Committee.
In the past there have been literally scores if not hundreds of intelligence failures — all excused, ignored or buried by officialdom.
Of renewed interest is the House Intel Committee’s budget recommendations for fiscal 1999 — more overseas stations, more covert operations, more case officers (who lack analytical ability), more technical intelligence (that has proven to be of little or no value when not analyzed, e.g. especially with Monday’s bomb tests). Little if any money for better analysis or analysts.
We demand intelligence failure as we chant mantras at the eagle emblem of the CIA.
Because it is so directly relevant I attach a copy of a item I posted recently.
Intelligence/Operational Analysis
Below I list recommendations for intelligence/operational analysis and include specific examples.
The United States, the de facto leader of the world community, needs the best possible intelligence service. The United States must and does dedicate major resources to this goal. But in my experience and researches, our country has been grievously harmed by the pretensions of the CIA in both covert operations and intelligence. CIA officials have implemented minor reform, but such efforts have fallen short — and the momentum for change seemingly has been lost.
The CIA now justifies itself claiming its priorities are: counterproliferation, counternarcotics, counterterrorism and counterintelligence. These priorities are vastly different from the requirements of the past — fighting the Soviet Union and conducting worldwide covert operations against perceived enemies and unpopular allies.
Assuming the CIA is sincere about its new targets of counterproliferation, counternarcotics, counterterrorism and counterintelligence — worthy goals — how can this covert operation/paramilitary organization change?
Assuming I am qualified to make recommendations re analysis and operations — the CIA in its official documents said that I am an operational analyst with few peers — I offer the below.
Operational Analysis:
We must distinguish between analysis for operations and analysis for intelligence. The former serves to target, oversee and critique operational efforts, while the latter serves the more traditional role.
Counterterrorism — per the State Department’s publication on Terrorism/WMD there are many small scattered, loosely or non-affiliated terrorist groups about which little is known. How does the CIA’s Directorate of Operations (DO) target these? From what has been published it appears that the DO now monitors only the well-known groups and nations.
What about the smaller, lesser known groups, that may pose the ultimate threats? How do you identify them? How do you determine their intentions? How do you target them?
These are the ultimate challenges and cannot be accomplished by technical operations — the 1997 House Intel Committee (HIC) report noted the growing commercial availability and knowledge re overhead surveillance capabilities and devices; and, the improving defenses and deceptions used to defeat them.
The HIC also detailed the now extensive use of sophisticated encoding material that defy NSA decoding abilities. So overhead surveillance and electronic intercepts become of less importance. But DCI Tenet said the CIA will continue to rely on technical operations for information on his “counter” priorities.
You need human intelligence (HUMINT) operations — but the CIA must aim its efforts at pinpointed targets — something that cannot be accomplished by current DO procedures and operations.
RECOMMENDATION: It is essential to establish a DO career designation of operational analyst with GS grades on a par with case officers — and to recruit true analysts to serve in that capacity.
DO stations and bases send only a tiny portion of their information to CIA Headquarters and perform little if any in-station operational analysis. To overcome this deficiency, either assign full-time operational analysts to field stations; or send teams of DO analysts to the installations to conduct reviews of all relevant reporting on terrorists, drug dealers, proliferators and counterintelligence targets. Pass the highly condensed and analyzed results to the stations and bases and forward the reviews to Headquarters.
DO analysis teams should, where feasible, scan relevant files of cooperating intelligence and security services.
DO analysis teams would also scan available, operationally relevant, OPEN SOURCE material that now goes unread. See Addenda One for my experiences reading the works of Mao and Ho.
The thoroughly analyzed material on terrorists, drug dealers, proliferators and double agents would help identify the perpetrators and allow pin-point operational targeting.
Intelligence Analysis
The CIA is flawed in conception — a policy-implementing agency cannot, has not, and will not provide unbiased intelligence.
One obvious solution removes the DI from the CIA and makes it independent financially, organizationally, and geographically. Due to the current politicized leadership of the DI, such a move must be accompanied by wholesale personnel changes.
Some say, the intelligence analysis function might be better performed by the State Department with the technical/scientific/cryptological analysis performed by the Pentagon. We note that State Department’s INR has the best intelligence record while receiving the smallest budget.
When does the United States recognize and try to address the problem? We have a fifty year history of CIA intelligence and operational failures, can we survive another fifty years?
Addenda One:
It is difficult to convey my experiences in the DO and impressions of the lack of analysis in that Directorate. Two major failures come to mind — the Vietnam War where I was a direct participant; and, the collapse of the USSR. We could blame both of these lapses on the DI but the DI to a degree only served as the rubber stamp for the DO.
In the case of Vietnam, I as an ops officer with an analytical bent and an extremely fortuitous situation, was able to decipher the strengths of the Viet Cong in less than a year. I used operational analysis to devise an approach to the Communist Party of Thailand’s (CPT) armed revolution (that used the organizational techniques of the Viet Cong). My program was successful beyond all expectations but I am still trying, after thirty years, to get anyone in the intelligence community to recognize the utility of those analytical procedures.
To test my own observations, I compiled a study on Asian revolutions based on the writings of Mao and Ho, and a few American academicians and others. They validated all of my reporting. Mao Tse-tung, in one of his first essays, written in 1929!, recorded the necessity of organizing the peasants into liberation associations as the first and most important element of the Chinese revolution. Ho and other Vietnamese Communist authorities learned their organizational techniques from Mao and wrote their own essays, but all these passed over the head of the CIA’s Directorate of Operations. Had the DO recognized the true strengths of the Vietnamese Communist forces we would not have entered the Vietnam War or would haVE left prior to the deaths of most American servicemen.
In the case of the USSR, the CIA’s DO, inter alia, provided many reports to the DI from known KGB double agents. These reports augmented DI Gates’ own politicized views and forced the United States to build billion-dollar weapon systems to counter USSR weapons that did not exist. These reports also allowed the CIA to be one of the last government agencies to recognize the collapse of the Soviet Union. Competent (counterintelligence) operational analysis would have detected the deceptions of those KGB double agents.
This is not the least of the DO’s counterintelligence failures. We now know that East Germany’s intelligence service, the Stasi, ran several hundred successful double agents, supposedly working for the CIA. Again basic operational analysis should, and probably would, have detected these deceptions.
Also Cuba’s DGI doubled all of the Agency’s Cuban agents, all undetected by the DO until announced by the DGI. Operational analysis would have picked up these deceptions early on.
With the recorded inability at operational analysis one would expect that correcting this glaring weakness would be the first priority of the current DO leadership — apparently this is not so.
Addenda Two:
My background in research and operations.
I have an unusual psychological profile for an ops officer. CIA’s Psychological Assessment System rated me as having an extremely flexible mentality whereas most ops officers have a regulated one, e.g., rigid mentality. Such rigidity does not favor analysis. I survived the selection process, in spite of my “F+” rating because, in my opinion, I had played college football when the Agency was looking for ex-football players for its paramilitary programs.
Initially the CIA gave me a number of file-system types of assignments providing me a familiarity with file systems’ pluses and minuses. Gradually I worked into a full time ops officer and in 1966 was assigned to Thailand, targeted against the Communist Party of Thailand.
When the Thai authorities arrested over 200 communist suspects in mid-South Thailand, I was sent to the province to pull together one collated report from the approximately 200 interrogation reports. I tried my best. I read the statements several times. When I tried to write a collated report, I could remember similarities or differences in statement details, but could not locate them again without time-consuming and often fruitless searches. I had failed to process the information, and my final report was valueless. However, this frustration and failure taught me the necessity of preparation before trying to collate such a mass of details, e.g., analysis.
In mid 1967, I put this knowledge to use when I was assigned to work with the 50,000-man Thai National Police to form a counterinsurgency and intelligence collection program. Through a series of trial and errors we hit upon a workable approach.
Our 25-man, mostly officer-grade team, with a dozen translators and interpreters, went for a year to one Northeast province, where the threat appeared greatest. Our team traveled to an amphur (county) within the province. The concept of the operation was to interrogate villagers using integrated, well-prepared, methodology.
Before the 25-man team began operations, I and the translators and interpreters carded all prior information on suspect villagers and villages from both the American and Thai file systems and prepared situation reports on the worst villages and villagers.
When the police entered a village and began work, the translators and I stayed nearby and daily translated and carded all interrogation reports. We filed the information in file folders by village, with sub-categories for weapons, organizations, training, propaganda themes, danger signals, all-clear signals and other breakdowns. We opened 3/5 inch cards on every individual by true name and alias; these soon, due to their multiple entries, provided detailed information on communist leaders. I regularly prepared follow-up questions for the police team based on this collated data.
At the end of a two to three-month operation in an amphur, I wrote a final (survey) report that included summaries of all of those breakdowns. The report was around 40 to 50 pages long, and listed all individuals who had joined the CPT as liberation association or guerrilla members. The report named guerrilla leaders and groups, areas of operations, and all other breakdowns.
The survey reports provided an entirely new perspective of the CPT. We found that the Communist Party of Thailand (CPT) focused all its efforts on recruiting and motivating poor farmers and forming them into liberation associations. Liberation associations were the initial and largest organizational entity from which all other entities grew. Prior to our report, the CIA had said the CPT consisted of only Party members and guerrillas, with a total of 2,500 in the entire country. Our survey showed there were that many in only four amphurs in this one province alone. The Agency also had reported the CPT had no support of the people in the villages and that villagers were being forced to cooperate. After working for a year in the province we had confessions from about 2,500 poor farmers who had joined the CPT as liberation association members and who believed wholeheartedly in the CPT.
Results: The governor of the province, a native of the province, told me the survey reports gave him the only insight into the communist movement. State’s INR evaluated the survey reports highest in all its rating categories — an unprecedented rating. The reports received similar ratings from other Thai and American counterinsurgency entities.
Due to the detailed and accurate information, the CPT in that area collapsed. But suddenly the CIA canceled the program and “forgot” the survey information. Why?
Thailand was not the problem, the problem was Vietnam — the CIA somehow over the years missed the seven-million-person-strong liberation association members of the South Vietnamese Communist movement. The Thai Communists had received training in organizational procedures in Hua Binh in North Vietnam. If the TCP recruited in the villages using Vietnamese communist organizational methodology, then so had the Viet Cong. If the VC were a popular movement, then we lost all justification for being in Vietnam (something I only slowly came to realize). But my experience in Northeast Thailand taught me the tremendous advantage and use of analysis for both operations and intelligence.
CIA canceled the survey project over the objections of just about everyone and sent me back to Headquarters. After Tet 1968 in Vietnam, I decided that I had much to offer U.S. efforts in Vietnam. I volunteered and was sent to Vietnam. My efforts in Vietnam to alert the Agency to the existence of a mass-based popular movement in Vietnam, reinforced by my experiences and academic studies, fell on deaf or resistant ears.
The Saigon Station assigned me to work in liaison with the Chief of the Vietnamese Special Police (SP). In this position I supervised a small unit of CIA case officers and a translation/interpreter team. I daily traveled to police headquarters to work with the Chief of the service.
A long-term SP op targeted more than three dozen South Vietnamese leaders as possible communist spies. The operation over that period had produced safes-full of material. I began pressing the CIA to force the South Vietnamese government to apprehend the group. Two members of the net were President Thieu’s Catholic advisor who was a frequent visitor to Palace, the other was the South Vietnamese Foreign Affairs Advisor — its equivalent of Henry Kissinger. Obviously rolling-up the net would have repercussions.
I conducted a six-weeks-long review of all the material. I went through the material document by document and carded on 3/5 cards the names and events surrounding the operation. I concluded, based on the analysis, that this was a genuine Communist intelligence net. The SP rounded up the group and found all sorts of spy paraphernalia and got confessions from all. With these in prison and under interrogation, we received leads allowing us to round up a number of other spies and nets.
These successes decided the station to use me to analyze a politically sensitive operation. This took months during which I held down two jobs — analyst, and liaison with the SP. The CIA at that time had about 600 staff persons in Vietnam. The Saigon Station had a Counterespionage Section and an office of the Intelligence Directorate — neither apparently could provide the analyst(s) to handle this job. My review of the operational reporting showed that project elements were nearly opposite what had been assumed.
Later I was sent to Thailand for a six-month TDY (temporary duty) to draw up a list of the leadership of the CPT. I searched CIA files throughout the country. I had enough Thai language ability to be able to search through the files of some of their security services. Over the six months I produced a list of the ten top leaders of the CPT that was highly praised by the Station’s leadership.
This may provide others with examples of the how and why of analysis, operational as well as intelligence. Operational analysis cannot be handled by some headquarters-based, politically-correct bureaucrat, it must be performed in the field by competent and trained analysts. If the Agency is serious about its “counters” it will rapidly hire, prepare and assign operational analysts.
For a few other examples of operational analysis, please see my book, Deadly Deceits — out of print but available in some libraries. (I also regard CIABASE as one example of what can be accomplished by preparation and analysis.)
Ralph McGehee CIABASE
This report was copied from Ralph McGehee’s CIABASE website as at 2001-11-14 CE.
A copy of the entire Serendipity website is available on CD-ROM. Details here.
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-Caveat Lector- "fuller" list of CIABASE library from Ralph McGehee, Dave Hartley http://www.Asheville-Computer.com/dave -----Original Message----- From: Ralph McGehee [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 1999 12:18 PM To: Dave Subject: Re: Ralph McGehee Thanks -- I send herewith a fuller list of many of the books enetered into CIABASE -- but not all. Ralph McGehee Dave wrote: > > I hope Ralph's health problems clear up soon ! Due to health problems I am moving early next year and must divest all of the holdings of CIABASE including nearly one thousand books on intelligence, numerous Congressional studies; e.g. the 13 books and volumes of the Church Committee report, newspaper and magazine articles going back to the earliest days, all copies of various specialty publications such as Covert Action Bulletin, Counterspy, and others. Anyone interested please contact me at [EMAIL PROTECTED] or by mail to Ralph McGehee, 422 Arkansas Avenue, Herndon, VA, 20170. Ralph McGehee Attached is a list of some source Documents for CIABASE -- books, magazines, newspapers, congressional reports, academic dissertations, others. AA Robbins, C. (1979). AIR AMERICA. New York: G.P. Putnam. AAC Robbins, C. (1979). AIR AMERICA (Corgi edition). New York: G.P. Putnam. AAPFL ALLEGED ASSASSINATION PLOTS INVOLVING FOREIGN LEADERS. U.S. Senate Interim Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations. (November 20, 1975). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. AC Hamilton, N. (1987). ACCUSED R. CRAIG SMITH: THE SPY LEFT OUT IN THE COLD. Bountiful, Utah: Horizon Publishers. ACD Schwarz, B. (1991). AMERICAN COUNTERINSURGENCY DOCTRINE AND EL SALVADOR: THE FRUSTRATIONS OF REFORM AND THE ILLUSIONS OF NATION BUILDING. Santa Monica, CA: RAND's National Defense Research Institute. ACO Minter, W. (1994). APARTHEID'S CONTRAS: AN INQUIRY INTO THE ROOTS OF WAR IN ANGOLA AND MOZAMBIQUE. London, England. ZED Books Ltd. AATT McCann, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT NY: Crown Publishers, Inc. AD Lee, M.A., & Shlain, B. (1985). ACID DREAMS. New York: Grove Press, Inc. AEST Richelson, J. (1987). AMERICAN ESPIONAGE AND THE SOVIET TARGET. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc. AFB Robinson, W. (1992). A FAUSTIAN BARGAIN: U.S. INTERVENTION IN THE NICARAGUAN ELECTIONS AND AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. AHS Emerson, S. (1985). THE AMERICAN HOUSE OF SAUD: THE SECRET PETRODOLLAR CONNECTION. New York: Franklin Watts 1985. AG Ranelagh, J. (1986). THE AGENCY. New York: Simon & Shuster. AIC Tully, A. (1962). CIA: THE INSIDE STORY. NY: Fawcett Crest. AIF Barry, T., & Preusch, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA Albuquerque, NM: The Resource Center. AINF Browning, S. (1990). AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE FAILURE IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY IRAN. Unpublished manuscript, Bates College, Department of History, Lewiston, Maine. AME Wilber, N. (1986). ADVENTURES IN THE MIDDLE EAST. Princeton, NJ: The Darwin Press, Inc. AOE Linderer, G. (1991). THE EYES OF THE EAGLE: F COMPANY LRPs IN VIETNAM, 1968. NY: Ivy Books. AOM Blumberg, N. (1984). THE AFTERNOON OF MARCH 30. Big Fork, Montana: Wood Fire Ashes Press. AOI Corson, W.R. (1977). ARMIES OF IGNORANCE. New York: The Dial Press/James Wade Books. AP Noriega, Manuel, & Eisner, Peter. (1997). AMERICA'S PRISONER: THE MEMOIRS OF MANUEL NORIEGA. APA Green, F. (1988). AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ABROAD. NY: Hippocrene Books. A&S Spector, R. (1985). UNITED STATES ARMY IN VIETNAM ADVICE AND SUPPORT: THE EARLY YEARS 1941-1960. Center of Military History, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C. ASES Richelson, J. (1990). AMERICA'S SECRET EYES IN SPACE: THE U.S. KEYHOLE SPY SATELLITE PROGRAM. HarperBusiness. ASP Johnson, L.K. (1989). AMERICA'S SECRET POWER. New York: Oxford University Press. Burchett, Wilfred, (1981). AT THE BARRICADES: FORTY YEARS ON THE CUTTING EDGE OF HISTORY. NY: Times Books. ATA Andrade, D. (1990). ASHES TO ASHES: THE PHOENIX PROGRAM AND THE VIETNAM WAR. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. AWA Chomskyc, N. (1970). AT WAR WITH ASIA. New York: Vintage Books. BATB Murphy, D., Kondrashev, S., Bailey, G. (1997). BATTLEGROUND BERLIN: CIA VS. KGB IN THE COLD WAR. New Haven, Yale U. Press. BB Simpson, C. (1988). BLOWBACK. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. BBAIC Uribe, A. (English translation, 1975). THE BLACK BOOK OF AMERICAN INTERVENTION IN CHILE. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. BBBL Smith, R.E., Caulfield, D., Crook, D., & Gershman, M. (1984). BIG BROTHER BOOK OF LISTS. Los Angeles: Price/Stern/Sloan Publishers, Inc. BC WEINER, T. (1990). BLANK CHECK: THE PENTAGON'S BLACK BUDGET. New York: Warners Books. BCAS BULLETIN OF CONCERNED ASIAN SCHOLARS, (most issues). Boulder, CO. BCCI Senate Foreign Relations Committee. (December, 1992). THE BCCI AFFAIR. Washington, D.C. BCD Copeland, M. (1975). BEYOND CLOAK AND DAGGER. New York: Pinnacle Books, Inc. BET Weiner, T., Johnston, D., and Lewis, A. (1995). BETRAYAL: THE STORY OF ALDRICH AMES, AN AMERICAN SPY. NY: Random House. BF Schlesinger, S., & Kinzer, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday. BFA Baritz, L. (1985). BACKFIRE. New York: Ballantine Books. BFI Ridenour, R. (1991). BACK FIRE: THE CIA'S BIGGEST BURN. Havana, Cuba: Jose Marti Publishing House. BFMT Zamoisky, L. (1989). BEHIND THE FACADE OF THE MASONIC TEMPLE (V. Nemodruk Trans.). Moscow, USSR: Progress Publishers. BFR Warner, R. (1995). BACK FIRE: THE CIA'S SECRET WAR IN LAOS AND ITS LINKS TO THE WAR IN VIETNAM. NY: Simon & Schuster. BG Corn, D. (1994). BLOND GHOST: TED SHACKLEY AND THE CIA'S CRUSADES. NY: Simon & Schuster. BLP Martin, D. & Walcott, J. (1988). BEST LAID PLANS: THE INSIDE STORY OF AMERICA'S WAR AGAINST TERRORISM. NY: Harper & Row, Publishers. BOL Walker, et al. BOOK OF LISTS. BOP Wyden, P. (1979). BAY OF PIGS THE UNTOLD STORY. NY: Simon and Schuster. BOPI Haynes, J. (1964). THE BAY OF PIGS: THE LEADER'S STORY OF BRIGADE 2506. NY: W.W. Norton. Inc. BSL Sheehan, N. (1988). A BRIGHT SHINING LIE. New York: Random House. BT Mohammad Yousai & Adkin, M. (1992). THE BEARTRAP: AFGHANISTAN'S UNTOLD STORY. London, England: Leo Cooper. BUR Sullivan, W. (1979) THE BUREAU. New York: Pinnacle Books, Inc. BWD Ostrovsky, V. (1990) BY WAY OF DECEPTION: THE MAKING AND UNMAKING OF A MOSSAD OFFICER. NY: St. Martins Press. Levine, M. (1993). THE BIG WHITE LIE: THE CIA AND THE COCAINE/CRACK EPIDEMIC. NY: Thunder Mouth Press. CA Treverton, G. (1987). COVERT ACTION, THE LIMITS OF INTERVENTION IN THE POSTWAR WORLD. New York, NY: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers. CAC Freney, D. (1977). THE CIA'S AUSTRALIAN CONNECTION. Sydney, Australia: Denis Freney. CAD Ignatyev, O. (1989). CONSPIRACY AGAINST DELGADO (C. Carlile, Trans.). Moscow: USSR: Progress Publishers. CAIB COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN MAGAZINE, (all issues). New York and Washington, DC. CAMS Richardson, D. (1990). COMBAT ARMS: MODERN SPYPLANES. NY: Prentice Hall Press. CAS Persico, J. (1991). CASEY THE LIVES AND SECRETS OF WILLIAM J. CASEY: FROM THE OSS TO THE CIA. NY: Penguin Books. CAT Jackson, G. (declassified 1994). ALLEN WELSH DULLES AS DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE 26 FEBRUARY 1953 - 29 NOVEMBER 1961: VOLUME III COVERT ACTIVITIES. CC CHURCH COMMITTEE REPORT. (1976) U.S. Congress Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities. FOREIGN AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE. Washington, DC: 94th Congress, 2nd Session, (thirteen volumes). CCBB Sergeyev, F.F. (1981). CHILE, CIA BIG BUSINESS (L. Bobrov, Trans.). Moscow, USSR: Progress Publishers. CCU Scott, P. (1977, reprinted). CRIME AND COVER-UP: THE CIA, THE MAFIA, AND THE DALLAS-WATERGATE CONNECTION. Santa Barbara, CA: Open Archives Press. CCW Breckinridge, S. (1993). CIA AND THE COLD WAR: A MEMOIR. Westport, CT: Prager. CDE Luttwak, E. (1977 first published in 1968). COUP D'ETAT. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. CDOC Chernyavsky, V. (ed.) (1983). THE CIA IN THE DOCK. Moscow: Progress Publishers. CE Blaufarb, D.S. (1977). THE COUNTERINSURGENCY ERA: U.S. DOCTRINE AND PERFORMANCE 1950 TO PRESENT. New York: The Free Press. CDP Hoxie, G. (1997). COMMAND DECISION AND THE PRESIDENCY. NY: Reader's Digest Press. CFA Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S. House of Representatives. Staff Report. (Sept., 1988). STATE DEPARTMENT AND INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE IRAN/CONTRA AFFAIR. Washington, DC. CG Ackland, L. (1972). CREDIBILITY GAP: A DIGEST OF THE PENTAGON PAPERS. Philadelphia, PA: The National Literature Service. CHT Warner, M. (ed.) (1994). THE CIA UNDER HARRY TRUMAN: CIA COLD WAR RECORDS. History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, CIA, Washington, D.C. CIA Freemantle, B. (1983). CIA. New York: Stein and Day Publishers. CIAD Jeffreys-Jones, R. (1989). THE CIA & AMERICAN DEMOCRACY. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. CIAF Borosage, R.L., & Marks, J. (eds.). (1976). THE CIA FILE. New York: Grossman Publishers. CIAIA Galiullin, R. (1988). THE CIA IN ASIA (G. Chalyan, Trans.). Moscow, USSR: Progress Publishers. CIAMP Central Intelligence Agency. (April 1992) (catalog of) CIA MAPS AND PUBLICATIONS RELEASED TO THE PUBLIC. D.C.: Office of Public and Agency Information. CID Agee, P. (1975). INSIDE THE COMPANY: CIA DIARY. New York: Bantam Books. CIISVN Conley, M.C. (1967). THE COMMUNIST INSURGENT INFRASTRUCTURE IN SOUTH VIETNAM: A STUDY OF ORGANIZATION AND STRATEGY. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. CIL Dommen, A. (1971). CONFLICT IN LAOS: THE POLITICS OF NEUTRALIZATION. NY: Praeger Publishers. CILA Tarasov, K., & Zubenko, V. (1984). THE CIA IN LATIN AMERICA (D. Belyavsky, Trans.). Moscow, USSR: Progress Publishers. CIS Tully, A. (1962). CIA: THE INSIDE STORY. Greenwich, CONN: Fawcett Publications, Inc. CJR COLUMBIA JOURNALISM REVIEW MAGAZINE. (1988). New York: Columbia University School of Journalism. CL Winks, R.W. (1987). CLOAK AND GOWN: SCHOLARS IN THE SECRET WAR, 1939-1961. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. CMC McAuliffe, M. (ed.). (1992). CIA DOCUMENTS ON THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS. Washington, D.C.: CIA History Staff. CMP Pisani, S. (1991). THE CIA AND THE MARSHALL PLAN. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. CNSS Center for National Security Studies. (April, 1980). CNSS REPORT NO. 102-3, ABSTRACTS OF DOCUMENTS ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND CIVIL LIBERTIES AVAILABLE FROM THE CENTER FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES LIBRARY. Washington, DC. CNW Chester, E.T. (1995). COVERT NETWORK: PROGRESSIVES, THE INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE, AND THE CIA. NY: M.E. Ssharpe. COI Marchetti, V., & Marks, J.D. (1974). THE CIA AND THE CULT OF INTELLIGENCE. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. COIN Blackstock, N. (1976). COINTELPRO THE FBI'S SECRET WAR ON POLITICAL FREEDOM. New York: Vintage Books. COM Szulc, T. (1974). COMPULSIVE SPY: THE STRANGE CAREER OF E. HOWARD HUNT. New York: The Viking Press. COMDO Dillon, S. (1991). COMMANDOS: THE CIA AND NICARAGUA'S CONTRA REBELS. NY: Henry Holt and Company, Inc. COP Scott, P. & Marshall, J. (1991). COCAINE POLITICS: DRUGS ARMIES AND THE CIA IN CENTRAL AMERICA. Berkeley, CA: Univerfsity of California Press. COUP Roosevelt, K. (1979). COUNTERCOUP: THE STRUGGLE FOR THE CONTROL OF IRAN. NY: McGraw-Hill. COW Mangold, T. (1991). COLD WARRIOR JAMES JESUS ANGLETON: THE CIA'S MASTER SPY HUNTER. NY: Simon & Schuster. CP Constantino, R., & Constantino, L.R. (1978). THE PHILIPPINES: THE CONTINUING PAST. Quezon City, Philippines: The Foundation for Nationalist Studies. CPH Quirk, J.P. (1986). THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY: A PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY. Guilford, CT: Foreign Inteligence Press. CR National Security Archives. (1987). THE CHRONOLOGY. New York: Warner Books. CRS Congressional Research Service. (2/18/75) Report # UB 250 USA 75-50 F. (COVERT ACTS OF THE CIA 50-74). CQ CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY WEEKLY REPORT, (selected articles). Washington, DC. CRY Lernoux, P. 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NY: WIlliam Morrow and Company, Inc. EOG Garvin, G. (1992). EVERYBODY HAS HIS OWN GRINGO: THE CIA AND THE CONTRAS. NY: Brassey's (US). ERG Kah, G. (1991). ENROUTE TO GLOBAL OCCUPATION. Lafayette, Louisiana: Huntington House Publishers. ESP Ravi, D. and Melman, Y. (1990). EVERY SPY A PRINCE: THE COMPLETE HISTORY OF ISRAEL'S INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. ETE Brugioni, D. (1990). EYEBALL TO EYEBALL: THE INSIDE STORY OF THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS. New York: Random House. EXTRA EXTRA (a publication of FAIR). New York, NY. FA Crozier, B. (1993). FREE AGENT: THE UNSEEN WAR 1941-1991. NY: HarpersCollinsPublishers. FBI Collins, F.L. (1843). THE FBI IN PEACE AND WAR. New York: Ace Books. FBIS Swearingen, M.W. (1995). FBI SECRETS: AN AGENTS EXPOSE'. Boston, MA: South End Press. FHP McCartney, L. (1988). FRIENDS IN HIGH PLACES. NY: Simon & Schuster. FHK Morrow, R. (1992). FIRST HAND KNOWLEDGE: HOW I PARTICIPATED IN THE CIA-MAFIA MURDER OF PRESIDENT KENNEDY. NY: Spi books. FIR Hinckle, W., & Turner, W.W. (1981). THE FISH IS RED: THE STORY OF THE SECRET WAR AGAINST CASTRO. New York: Harper & Row. FIS Overstreet, H., & Overstreet B. (1969). THE FBI IN OUR OPEN SOCIETY. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. FOF Buncher, J.F. (Ed.). (1976, 1977). THE CIA AND THE SECURITY DEBATE: 1971-1975, or [1975-1976]. New York: Facts on File. FOR Blum, W. (1986). THE CIA A FORGOTTEN HISTORY. London and New Jersey: Zed Books, Ltd. FP FIRST PRINCIPLES, (Journal for Center for National Security Studies, all issues). (Pup = page number, update). Wash., DC. FPE Andrew, C. (1995). FOR THE PRESIDENT'S EYES ONLY: SECRET INTELLIGENCE AND THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY FROM WASHINGTON TO BUSH. NY: HarperCollins Publishers. FR Meyer, C. (1980). FACING REALITY: FROM WORLD FEDERALISM TO THE CIA. NY: Jarper & Rowm Publishers. FS Hendricks, E. (Ed.). (1982). FORMER SECRETS: GOVERNMENT RECORDS MADE PUBLIC THROUGH THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT. Washington, DC: Campaign for Political Rights. FSP Schweizer, P. (1993). FRIENDLY SPIES: HOW AMERICA'S ALLIES ARE USING ECONOMIC ESPIONAGE TO STEAL OUR SECRETS. NY: The Atlantic Monthly Press. FTD Kaplan, D. (1992). FIRES OF THE DRAGON: POLITICS, MURDER AND THE KUOMINTANG. NY: Atheneum. FTP Oudes, F. (Ed.). (1989). FROM THE PRESIDENT: RICHARD NIXON'S SECRET FILES. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. FTS Gates, R. (1996). FROM THE SHADOWS: THE ULTIMATE INSIDER'S STORY OF FIVE PRESIDENTS AND HOW THEY WON THE COLD WAR. NY: Simon & Shuster. FTX Grant, Z. (1991). FACING THE PHOENIX. New York: W.W. Norton & Company FUR Burchett, W. (1963). THE FURTIVE WAR: THE UNITED STATES IN VIETNAM AND LAOS, 1963. NY: International Publishers. G&E Burchett, W. (1977). GRASSHOPPERS & ELEPHANTS: WHY VIETNAM FELL. NY: Urizen Books. GAO United States General Accounting Office. GBUB Tarpley, W. & Chaitkin, A. (1992). GEORGE BUSH: THE UNAUTHORIZED BIOGRAPHY. Washington, D.C.: Executive Intelligence Review. GBV Kelly, Col. F. (1991 originally printed by Government Printing Office in 1973). THE GREEN BERETS IN VIETNAM 1961-71. NY: Brassey's (US), Inc. GBW Stanton, S.L. (1985). GREEN BERETS AT WAR. New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc. GGMS Whiting, C. (1972). GEHLEN: GERMANY'S MASTER SPY. New York: Ballantine Books. GIG Eddington, P. (1997). GASSED IN THE GULF: THE INSIDE STORY OF THE PENTAGON-CIA COVER-UP OF GULF WAR SYNDROME. Washington, D.C. Insignia publishing company. GK Mayers, D. (1988). GEORGE KENNAN AND THE DILEMMAS OF US FOREIGN POLICY. NY: Oxford University Press. GLAD BBC, (1992). GLADIO - TIMEWATCH. Transcript of a three part program broadcast in 1992. GOD Godson, R. (80-93). Books edited by Roy Godson and Published by the National Strategy Information Center, Inc. include: INTELLIGENCE REQUIRMENTS FOR THE 1980'S: COVERT ACTION; INTELLIGENCE REQUIRMENTS FOR THE 1980'S: COUNTERINTELLIGENCE; INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE 1980'S: ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATES; INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE 1980'S: ELEMENTS OF INTELLGENCE (REVISED EDITION); INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE 1980'S: INTELLIGENCE AND POLICY; INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE 1980'S: DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE; INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE 1980'S: CLANDESTINE COLLECTION; and, INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE 1990s: COLLECTION, ANALYSIS, COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND COVERT ACTION. (Comment - no useful information in any). GOI West, N. (1989). GAMES OF INTELLIGENCE. New York: Crown Publishers. GBS Collins, J. (1987). GREEN BERETS, SEALS & SPETSNAZ: U.S. & SOVIET SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATIONS. McLean, VA: Pergamon-Brassey. GRG Reese, M.E. (1990). GENERAL RICHARD GEHLEN: THE CIA CONNECTION. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University Press. GTSS Dulles, A. (Ed.). (1968). GREAT TRUE SPY STORIES. Secaucus, NJ: Castle, a division of Book Sales, Inc. GUA Jonas, S., & Tobis, D. (eds.). (1974). GUATEMALA. New York: North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA). GW Gordon, R. & Trainor, General b. (1995). THE GENERALS' WAR THE INSIDE STROY OF THE CONFLICT IN THE GULF. NY: LITTLE, BROWN AND COMPANY. HB Secord, R. (1992). HONORED AND BETRAYED. NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. HC Domhoff, W. (1971). HIGHER CIRCLES: THE GOVERNING CLASS IN AMERICA. NY: Vintage Books. HD Singlaub, John K. Major Gne, (Ret.) (1991). HAZARDOUS DUTY: AN AMERICAN SOLDIER IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. NY: Summit Books. HFB Turner, W.W. (1970). HOOVER'S FBI. New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc. HHR Trumphor, J. (Ed.). (1989) HOW HARVARD RULES. Boston, MA: South End Press. HHSL Higham, C. (1993). HOWARD HUGHES: THE SECRET LIFE. NY: Berkley Books. HIC House Intelligence Committee, (various studies). Washington, DC: U.S. CONGRESS HM Colby, W. (1978). HONORABLE MEN. New York: Simon & Schuster. HOPC House Operations Committee. Washington, DC: U.S. Congress. HOS House of Representatives October Surprise Task Force. JOINT REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE TO INVESTIGATE CERTAIN ALLEGATIONS CONCERNING THE HOLDING OF AMERICAN HOSTAGES BY IRAN IN 1980. Washing, D.C. HOT O'Toole, G. (1991). HONORABLE TREACHERY. NY: Atlantic Monthly Press. HT Langguth, A.J. (1978). HIDDEN TERRORS. New York: Pantheon Books. HTR Sakharov, V. (1980). HIGH TREASON. NY: Ballantine Books. HWUV Lohbeck, K. (1993). HOLY WAR, UNHOLY VICTORY: EYEWITNESS TO THE CIA'S SECRET WAR IN AFGHANISTAN. WASH, D.C.: Regnery Gateway. IAP Garthoff, R. (1984). INTEL ASSESSMENT & POLICYMAKING, (staff paper). Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. IBT Shoup, L. & Minter, W. (1977). IMPERIAL BRAIN TRUST: THE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN RELATIONS & UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY. NY: Monthly Review Press. IC Richelson, J.T. (1985). THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company. ICA IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR. (Congress Committees). ICC Marshall, J., Scott, P.D., & Hunter, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION. Boston, MA: South End Press. ICS Kornbluth, P. & Byrne, M. (1993). THE IRAN-CONTRA SCANDAL: THE DECLASSIFIED HISTORY. NY: A National Security Archive Documents Reader, The New Press. IDI Carl, L. (1990). THE INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY OF INTELLIGENCE. McLean, VA: International Defense Consultant Services, Inc. IDS Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars. (1970). THE INDOCHINA STORY: A FULLY DOCUMENTED ACCOUNT. NY: Pantheon Books. IFA ISRAELI FOREIGN AFFAIRS, (monthly magazine). Sacramento, CA. IGA Hvalkof, S. & Aaby, P. (eds.). (1981) IS GOD AN AMERICAN: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE MISSIONARY WORK OF THE SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS. Copenhagen, Denmark: IWGIA & Survival International. IGB Simpson, C.M. III. (1983). INSIDE THE GREEN BERETS: THE FIRST THIRTY YEARS. Novato, CA: Presidio Press. IJME Gasiorowski, M.J. (August, 1987). "The 1953 Coup D'Etat." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL MIDDLE EAST STUDIES, 19, No. 3, 261-286. INC INDOCHINA NEWSLETTER, Asia Resource Center. Cambridge, MA. INCI Kessler, R. (1992). INSIDE THE CIA: REVEALING THE SECRETS OF THE WORLD'S MOST POWERFUL SPY AGENCY. NY: Pocket Books. IND Smith, J.D. (1967). I WAS A CIA AGENT IN INDIA. New Delhi: New Age Printing Press (Printed for the Communist Party of India). INP Westerfield, H. B. editor. (1995). Inside CIA's Private World: Declassified Articles from the Agency's Internal Journal 1955-1992. New Haven, CT. Yale University Press. INSC Menges, C. (1988). INSIDE THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL. New York: Simon and Schuster. INS Codevilla, A. (1992). INFORMING STATECRAFT: INTELLIGENCE FOR A NEW CENTURY. NY: The Free Press. INST Andrew, C. & Gordievsky, O. (1991). INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE CENTRE. London: Hodder & Stoughton. INT INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER, Paris, France. IOB Intelligence Oversight Board (6/28/96). REPORT ON THE GUATEMALA REVIEW. IOI Karnow, S. (1989). IN OUR IMAGE: AMERICA'S EMPIRE IN THE PHILIPPINES. NY: Random House, Inc. IOS McClintock, M. (1992). INSTRUMENTS OF STATECRAFT: U.S. GUERRILLA WARFARE, COUNTER INSURGENCY, AND COUNTER TERRORISM 1940-1990. NY: Pantheon Books IP Schlesinger, A. (1973) THE IMPERIAL PRESIDENCY. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. IPF INTEL PARAPOLITICS, (magazine). Paris, France. IR McNamara, Robert, S. (1995). IN RETROSPECT: THE TRAGEDY AND LESSONS OF VIETNAM. NY: Times Books. IS Ambrose, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc. ISP Jackson, W. (declassified 6/22/94). ALLEN WELSH DULLES AS DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE 26 FEBRUARY 1953 - 29 NOVEMBER 1961, VOLUME V, INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT OF POLICY. Historical Staff Central Intelligence Agency. ISS Deacon, R. (1977). THE ISRAELI SECRET SERVICE. London: Sphere Books Limited. ITC Syrokonski. (1983). 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WHEN THE WAR WAS OVER: THE VOICES OF THE CAMBODIA REVOLUTION AND ITS PEOPLE. New York: Simon & Schuster. WWYB Thompson, D., & Larson, R. (1978). WHERE WERE YOU BROTHER? London: War on Want Publishers. Y501 Chomsky, N. (1993). YEAR 501: THE CONQUEST CONTINUES. Boston, MA: South End Press. Z Z MAGAZINE. Boston, MA. DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion and informational exchange list. Proselyzting propagandic screeds are not allowed. Substance�not soapboxing! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory', with its many half-truths, misdirections and outright frauds is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRL gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credeence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. 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Just posted:
The 100 Years Episode
One of our most important episodes, from 1997 – 4 Federal Agents, with a total of 100 years’ experience, gathered to talk about the state of Security and Intelligence both in the U.S. and around the world – and warned of our vulnerability to impending horrific terrorist acts, due to the ineptitude of CIA and FBI. Sadly, much of what they warned would come true came to pass.
In late 1996 / early 1997, Mike Levine and 3 fellow federal agents with CIA, FBI and DEA, came together for a broadcast, whose purpose was to warn America that those agencies whom we were trusting to protect us against terrorism were too inept and badly run to do the job – and that mainstream media’s inability to sound the alarm and an easily manipulated congress, would ensure that ‘horrific terrorist acts and the loss of our rights as citizens, would surely follow.’ Hear those prophetic words now, because nothing has changed.
While the fidelity of the actual recording leaves much to be desired, the conversation is striking to say the least. It predicts much of what has since come to pass.
It is, in many respects, one of the most important broadcasts in the history of the show.
The three participants:
Dennis Dayle – DEA
He began his federal career working for the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs in Chicago, a forerunner of the Drug Enforcement Administration, where he continued to distinguish himself. From the mid-1970s to 1980s, Dayle led investigations into international drug smuggling for the DEA, heading up Centac, which were chronicled in 1986 in a best-selling book, The Underground Empire: Where Crime and Governments Embrace, by James Mills.
Ralph McGehee – CIA
a 25 year veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency enlightened us with this following paragraph from his 1983 book “Deadly Deceits,” which edifies a familiar pattern of deception that we have witnessed but we never understood. He stated the following about the CIA:
“The CIA is not an intelligence agency. In fact, it acts largely as an anti-intelligence agency, producing only that information wanted by policymakers to support their plans and suppressing information that does not support those plans. As the covert action arm of the president, the CIA uses disinformation, much of it aimed at the U.S. public, to mold opinion. It employs the gamut of disinformation techniques from forging documents to planting and discovering “communist” weapons caches. But the major weapon in its arsenal of disinformation is the “intelligence” it feeds to policymakers.
Instead of gathering genuine intelligence that could serve as the basis for reasonable policies, the CIA often ends up distorting reality, creating out of the whole cloth “intelligence” to justify policies that have already been decided upon. Policymakers leak this “intelligence” to the media to deceive us all and gain our support.”
Wesley Swearingen – FBI
Former FBI Special Agent from 1951 to 1977, M. Wesley Swearingen wrote “FBI Secrets”. This important work traces his FBI career in “domestic counter-intelligence” from the time he signed on after World War II to his retirement and beyond.
Swearingen began his career doing “black bag jobs” on Communists in Chicago. In Kentucky and New York City, he spent years doing serious criminal investigations, which had been his goal in joining the FBI. But J. Edgar Hoover fixated on the threat posed by such groups as the Black Panthers and the Weathermen – Swearingen is more explicit than most on the FBI’s unconstitutional role in an important pattern of political corruption and illegal repression of U.S. Civil Rights in the 1960s, under his one-time mentor, Hoover.
He is interviewed in the documentary films All Power to the People! and The U.S. vs. John Lennon.
The episode runs 2.5 hours, and it’s worth every minute.